South Field was a World War II airfield on Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands, located in the Central Pacific. The Volcano Islands are part of Japan. The airfield was located on the southern corner of Iwo Jima located on the Motoyama plateau, to the north of Mount Suribachi. South Field was significant to the overall Battle of Iwo Jima.
South Field (Iwo Jima).png) Motoyama No. 1 Chidori Field | |
|---|---|
| Part of Twentieth Air Force | |
 South Field, Iwo Jima, February 1945 | |
| Coordinates | 24°45′46″N 141°18′13″E / 24.76278°N 141.30361°E |
| Type | Military Airfield |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | United States Army Air Forces |
| Site history | |
| Built | Prior to 1944 |
| In use | 1944–1955 |
History
editBuilt by the Japanese, the base included two runways, one 5,025 feet (1,532 m) and the other 3,965 feet (1,209 m).[1]: 370 On 2 January 1944, more than a dozen B-24 Liberator bombers raided Airfield No. 1 and inflicted heavy damage. Commander of the island, Lieutenant General Tadamichi Kuribayashi diverted more than 600 men, 11 trucks, and 2 bulldozers for immediate repairs. As a result, the airfield again became operational after only twelve hours.[2] It was used by the Japanese until 19 February 1945 when the United States Marines landed on the island. It was the assignment of the 133rd Naval Construction Battalion to get this airfield operational as soon as the Marines had secured it. By the time that happened the 133rd had taken so many casualties supporting the 23rd Marines that the assignment was first given to the 31st CB but the 62nd CB ended up with it. Even so, all three battalions worked together to get it operational.
It was during the fight to secure this airfield that Medal of Honor recipient Gunnery Sergeant John Basilone was killed by a Japanese mortar shell.
The airfield became a battlefield during the Battle of Iwo Jima. It was put into action by the Americans as the battle still raged. Named South Field, the east-northeast to west-southwest runway was being used by observation planes as early as 26 February (D plus 7) when the first American aircraft landed on the strip, an OY-1 Sentinel piloted by Lt. Harvey Olson of VMO-4. By 2 March the runway had been graded to 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Later, on 4 March with the battle still raging a B-29 Superfortress named Dinah Might from the 9th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) landed, the first of 2,400 emergency landings by American aircraft at South Field and North Field on Iwo Jima.[3]
On 6 March, the P-51 Mustangs of the 15th Fighter Wing moved to the field for close air support for the ongoing battle and long-range B-29 fighter escort operations.[4]: 59 From then on, South Field was in constant use.[5]: 593
On 16 March, US Navy PB4Y-1's (Navy version of the B-24) patrol bombers of VPB-116 arrived at this airfield from Tinian. The patrol bombers performed various missions from South Field through the remainder of the war. The PB4Y-1 were later relieved by PB4Y-2 aircraft.
On 7 April 1945, P-51s took off from South Field to form the first land-based fighter escort for B-29s on a strike against the Japanese homeland. By July, the runway had been extended to 6,000 feet (1,800 m) by 200 feet (61 m) and had been surfaced with emulsified asphalt. Also constructed were 7,950 feet (2,420 m) of taxiways and 258 hardstands.[1]: 371 This field could accommodate 100 P-51s and 30 B-24 Liberators. In an emergency, B-29s could land here. Fighter escort operations took place from March until November 1945.
On 16 July 1945 the 21st Fighter Group moved to the field from Central Field.[4]: 71
After the war, the 20th Air Force fighter squadrons moved out to Japan, Okinawa or Philippines and South Field came under the Jurisdiction of Military Air Transport Service (MATS), becoming a refueling stop for MATS aircraft in the Western Pacific. It hosted various communications, weather as well as Far East Materiel Command units for supply and maintenance activities. It was under the command of the Iwo Jima Base Command, as a satellite of the 6000th Support Wing, Tachikawa Air Base, Japan.
The USAF 6415th Air Base Squadron garrisoned the base until turning over the facility to the Japanese government on 30 September 1955.[6] The airfield was subsequently abandoned and of the three WWII airfields only Central Field remains in use.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- ^ a b Building the Navy's Bases in World War II History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps 1940-1946. US Government Printing Office. 1947.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ HyperWar: USMC Operation in WWII: Vol IV—Western Pacific Operations, Part VI – Iwo Jima
- ^ Hammel, Eric (2006). Iwo Jima: Portrait of a Battle: United States Marines at War in the Pacific. Zenith Press. p. 207. ISBN 0760325200.
- ^ a b Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II (PDF). Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Craven, Wesley; Cate, James (1983). The Army Air Forces in World War II Volume 5: The Pacific Matterhorn to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945 (PDF). Office of Air Force History. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ AFHRA Document 00411914 6415th Air Base Squadron 1 July-30 September 1955
- ^ Smith, Rex; Meehl, Gerald (2002). Pacific Legacy Image and memory from World War II in the Pacific. Abbeville Press. p. 236.
Bibliography
edit- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924.