The Sorrento Funicular was a steam-driven, inclined rail system located in the commune of Sorrento, within the Municipality of Naples, Italy — connecting its upper terminus at Sorrento's Hotel Vittoria to the resort's port, several hundred feet below on the Gulf of Naples. The system was designed by Italian engineer Alessandro Ferretti (1851 - 1930),[1] began operating in 1883 and stopped operating approximately three years later.
| Sorrento Funicular | |
|---|---|
 Hotel Vittoria with former lower terminus | |
| Overview | |
| Native name | Funicolare di Sorrento |
| Status | Defunct |
| Locale | Sorrento, Italy, Municipality of Naples |
| Stations | 2 |
| Service | |
| Type | Inclined Railway, marketed as a Funicular |
| System | Steam-driven |
| History | |
| Opened | 1883 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 0.26 km (0.16 mi) |
Using only a single passenger car, the system was a funicular in name only, as a funicular by definition counterbalances two cars attached to opposite ends of the same pully-driven cable, operating in concert.[2][3]
History
editThe rail system partially used a tunnel cut into the tufa stone of Sorrento's cliffs by the Romans,[4] precisely to connect the Marina Piccola (small marina) area with the upper town. The inaugural run took place on March 5, 1893.[5]
The funicular was 260 meters long, with 170 meters inside the Roman tunnel and the remaining section, outdoors. Running on a track with a 15% slope, the single passenger car held 12 passengers and was driven by a steam engine making 8 HP,[4] enough to also power Hotel Vittoria's electric lighting.[4] Fares uphill were 20 cents per person in 1st class and 15 cents per person in 2nd class. Descent fares were 15 cents per person in 1st class and 10 cents in 2nd class.[4]
In 1894 the Municipality of Sorrento entered into negotiations with the owners of the hotel to make the system public, in advance of a large number of tourists expected for the upcoming 400th anniversary marking the death of Sorrento-born poet Torquato Tasso — in 1885. Complicating matters, during the summer, the steam-driven machinery required 12 cubic meters of water daily,[4] exceeding available supplies either in nearby cisterns or in Sorrento's Valle dei Mulini (Valley of Mills). The system found its water supply when it was discovered that water stored in the Spasiano cisterns, intended for drinking water, wasn't potable. Additionally, by 1898, the owners of Hotel Vittoria had noted complaints by the hotel's exclusive clientele who appreciated neither the loud operation of the funicular nor the traffic through the hotel of passengers who weren't hotel guests.[5]
The funicular was quickly rendered obsolete by the newly constructed adjacent road and the hotel's own newly constructed elevator to the port.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Giuliano Zannotti (June 6, 2017). "Italy: the first 100 years. Ropeways from 1850 to 1950". OITAF Bozen Balzano Congress 2017.
- ^ The Giessbach Funicular with the World's First Abt Switch (PDF). The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2015.
- ^ Kittelson & Assoc; Parsons Brinckerhoff; KFH Group; Texas A&M Transportation Institute; Arup (2013). "Chapter 11: Glossary and Symbols". Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual Report 165 (Third ed.). Washington: Transportation Research Board. pp. 11–20. doi:10.17226/24766. ISBN 978-0-309-28344-1.
- ^ a b c d e f Andrea Cozzolino and Antonio Gamboni. "la funiculare che divenne Ascensore". Clamfer.it.
- ^ a b Fabrizio Guastafierro. "L' antica funicolare di Sorrento". Il Meglio di Sorrento.