DeWitt "Snuffy" Jenkins (October 27, 1908 – April 29, 1990) was an American old time banjo player and an early proponent of the three-finger banjo style.
Snuffy Jenkins | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | DeWitt Jenkins |
| Also known as | "Snuffy" Jenkins |
| Born | October 27, 1908 Harris, North Carolina, US |
| Died | April 29, 1990 (aged 81) |
| Genres | Bluegrass music, old time |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | fiddle, banjo, guitar |
| Years active | 1927–1989 |
| Labels | Rounder Records |
| Formerly of | Smith Hammett Rex Brooks J. E. Mainer's Mountaineers Byron Parker's Hillbillies Jim Eanes Homer Sherrill |
Biography
editJenkins was born in Harris, North Carolina,[1] as the last of ten children. He began playing the fiddle as a plucked instrument, switched to guitar and later to a home-made banjo he and his brother Virl had built.[2][3] He bought his first real banjo in 1927, and soon fell under the influence of Smith Hammett and Rex Brooks, two early banjo players who did much for the development of Jenkins' style. In 1934, he appeared on the radio show Crazy Water Barn Dance over WBT in Charlotte, North Carolina with his newly formed group, the Jenkins String Band.[3] The string band comprised Snuffy Jenkins on banjo, his brother Verl Jenkins on fiddle and a cousin on guitar.[4] During this time, Jenkins also played in the W.O.W. String Band.[5]
In 1936, he joined J. E. Mainer's Mountaineers as banjo player performing at local radio station WSPA in Spartanburg.[6][7] The next year, in 1937, the Mountaineers were hired to perform over WIS in Columbia. The announcer of radio station WIS was Byron "The Old Hired Hand" Parker and he almost immediately took over the Mountaineers renaming them Byron Parker's Hillbillies.[4][7] The Hillbillies, consisting of J. E. Mainer on fiddle, Jenkins on banjo, George Morris and Leonard Stokes on guitars, later recorded – without Byron Parker – under the name of J. E. Mainer's Mountaineers.[7] J. E. Mainer soon left, and was replaced by Verl Jenkins on fiddle and Clyde Robbins on guitar.[6] Also, the String band that Jenkins formed had many of the characteristics of later froupls like that of Bill Monroe. Jenkins shows his three-finger banjo style in its most natural form in these three pieces, "Spanish Fandango," "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star," and "Dixie/There's No Place Like Home." [14]
In 1939, Parker hired Homer Sherrill on fiddle; Mainer, Stokes and Morris had left earlier. Parker changed the group's name to The WIS Hillbillies and in 1947, Julian "Greasy" Medlin, a guitar player and a veteran of the medicine show circuit, along with the bass player Ira Dimmery were added to the Hillbillies.[2][4] The WIS Hillbillies mainly did minstrel shows with comedy skits as Jenkins dressed up in baggy pants while "Greasy" wore blackface.[7] It was around this time Byron Parker gave Jenkins his nickname "Snuffy" because he used to wipe his nose with his sleeve during one of the skits.[3] Byron Parker died in 1948, and Jenkins and Sherrill, who had taken over the band, changed its name to The Hired Hands in Parker's memory.[4][6]
In 1949, Sherrill and Jenkins recorded with Jim Eanes on two sides of a 78 rpm release for Capitol.[8] In 1953, The Hired Hands appeared on television at WIS-TV[4][9] and in 1955, they added guitarist Bill Rea. In 1956, folklorist Mike Seeger recorded Jenkins (accompanied by Ira Dimmery on guitar) for a Folkways sampler album of three-finger banjo styles. The Hired Hands first recorded as a group for Folk-Lyric in 1962. During the 1960s, they performed on several folk and bluegrass festivals.
When Jenkins was semi-retired in the 1960s he worked as a car salesman in South Carolina.[10]
In 1979, the surviving members of The Hired Hands were invited to stage an old time medicine show in the hamlet of Bailey, North Carolina. The success of the show led the North Carolina Public Television to produce the "Free Show Tonight" which aired over PBS. The Hired Hands also performed their medicine show at the Smithsonian Institution and in 1983, at the American Place Theater in New York City.[9]
Legacy
editDespite persistent rumours, Jenkins did not teach Earl Scruggs how to play the banjo, according to an interview with Jenkins, conducted by Tony Trischka on October 17, 1984.[11] On the other hand, there is no doubt that Jenkins did indeed influence Don Reno with his picking[12] and Scruggs does name Jenkins as a major influence.[13] While Jenkins played a three finger banjo style similar to Scruggs in the North Carolina mountains he was an important influence on Earl Scruggs who is often referred to as the father of bluegrass banjo playing. Jenkins played a more archaic style than Scruggs and his followers and is closer to older string band banjo playing. [14]
A music festival, recently revived after a 20-year hiatus, in honor of Snuffy Jenkins is held annually in Rutherford County, NC (Snuffy's birthplace). The Snuffy Jenkins Festival features bluegrass and old-time music, and includes historical talks and discussions of Snuffy's life and music as well as related discussions about the contributions of other innovative banjo players from the region: Rex Brooks, Smith Hammett, and Earl Scruggs.
Discography
edit| Year | Title | Label | Number | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1957 | American Banjo Tunes and Songs in the 'Scruggs' Style | Folkways | FA 2314 | remastered as Smithsonian Folkways SF40037 (1990) with previously unissued cuts added |
| 1962 | Carolina Bluegrass | Folk-Lyric | FL 123 | also issued as Arhoolie 5011 |
| 1971 | 33 Years of Pickin' and Pluckin | Rounder | 005 | with Pappy Sherrill |
| 1976 | Crazy Water Barn Dance | Rounder | 0059 | |
| 1985 | Byron Parker and His Mountaineers | Old Homestead | 169 | |
| 1989 | Something Special | Old Homestead | 90193 | |
| 1998 | Pioneer of the Bluegrass Banjo | Arhoolie | 9027 | reissue of Carolina Bluegrass |
Footnotes
edit- ^ Trischka, Tony, "Sonny Osborne", Banjo Song Book, Oak Publications, 1977
- ^ a b Bogdanov, Woodstra, Erlewine 2003, p. 375
- ^ a b c Erbsen 2003, p. 119
- ^ a b c d e Carlin 2003, p. 204
- ^ Russell 2007, p. 194
- ^ a b c Jones 2008, p. 203
- ^ a b c d Erbsen 2003, p. 120
- ^ "Jim Eanes". Praguefrank's Country Music Discographies. November 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
- ^ a b Jones 2008, p. 205
- ^ Scully 2008, p. 96
- ^ Trischka, Wernick 1988, p. 5
- ^ Russell 2007, p. 195
- ^ Garner, Steve (2007). Mel Bay's American Banjo: Three-Finger and Scruggs Style, p.4. ISBN 0-7866-5127-X.
14. Evans, David. 1973 p. 591
References
edit- Bogdanov, Vladimir - Woodstra, Chris - Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2003) All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music
- Carlin, Richard (2003) Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary
- Erbsen, Wayne (2003) Laura Boosinger, Rural Roots of Bluegrass: Songs, Stories & History
- Jones, Loyal (2008) Country Music Humorists and Comedians
- Russell, Tony (2007) Country Music Originals: The Legends and the Lost
- Scully, Michael F. (2008) The Never-Ending Revival: Rounder Records and the Folk Alliance
- Trischka, Tony - Wernick, Pete (1988) Masters of the 5-String Banjo, 1988
- Evans, David. "Snuffy Jenkins; Carolina Bluegrass." Ethnomusicology. Society for Ethnomusicology, Inc, 1973.