Klemen Andersen "Skipper" Clement (c. 1484 – 9 September 1536)[1] was a Danish merchant, captain, privateer who led a peasant rebellion against the Jutlandish gentry that was part of the Count's Feud (Grevens Fejde) civil war.[2][3]
Background
editClement was born to a farmer family in Aaby parish (Aaby Sogn i Kjer Herred) in the district of Vendsyssel in North Jutland.[4] He became a merchant in Aalborg and later captain and vice admiral in the navy of King Christian II of Denmark. In 1523, Christian II was sent into exile and his uncle, Frederick I of Denmark had taken over the throne. In 1525, Clement mutinied and became a privateer.[5]
Count's Feud
editClement later allied himself to Christopher of Oldenburg. At Count Christoffer's instruction, he instigated the peasants of Vendsyssel and North Jutland to rise up against the nobles. On 16 October 1534 the peasant army of Clement, re-enforced with professional soldiers from Count Christoffer, met the army of the Jutland nobility, that had been sent to crush the revolt. The Battle of Svenstrup (Slaget ved Svenstrup) resulted in the defeat of the nobility army. For a couple of months the revolting peasants controlled a major part of northern Jutland. They expelled the noblemen and burned down many of their manor houses. However, in the long run the peasant army was too poorly armed and too undisciplined. King Christian III of Denmark made a separate peace with Count Christoffer and his general Johan Rantzau was freed to fight the peasant revolt.
In December 1534, the army of Johan Rantzau defeated the peasant army which had retreated to Aalborg and strengthened the defenses of the city. After a hard battle, Rantzau's army overcame the defenses, sacked the city and killed as many as 2,000 people. Clement managed to escape, but was betrayed and captured by his enemies. He was kept in prison until the end of the civil war and was then executed by breaking on the wheel in Viborg, Denmark.[6][7]
Evaluation
editLater historians and fiction writers have admired Clement as a revolutionary figure and a champion for the rights of the common man. Also as a local North Jutland hero he is admired and a statue was erected there in 1931. The depth of his social or ideological engagement is unprovable but as the last active, and perhaps most influential, peasant rebel in Danish history he might be viewed a Danish parallel of Wat Tyler in England, Thomas Müntzer in Germany and Yemelyan Pugachev in Russia.[8]
References
edit- ^ Hans Christian Andersen; Edvard Collin; Fru Henriette Oline Thyberg Collin (1937). H. C. Andersens brevveksling med Edvard og Henriette Collin (in Danish). Vol. VI. Levin & Munksgaard. p. 91. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ Skipper Clement (Danske konger ...og deres historie) Archived 2010-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Søren Hammer, Lotte Hammer (11 June 2013). The Hanging. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0312656645.
- ^ Caspar Paludan-Müller (1853). Grevens Feide, skildret efter trykte og utrykte Kilder (in Danish). Reitzel. pp. 253–. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ Frederik Hammerich (1854). Danmark under adelsvælden. (1523-1660.). Folkeskriftselskabet. pp. 27–. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ Society for Danish Language and Literature (1979). Danske domme 1375-1662: de private domssamlinger (in Danish). Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab. p. 159. ISBN 978-87-87504-76-8. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ Folkekalendar for Danmark (in Danish). C. C. Lose and Delbanco. 1868. p. 11. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ "Bondeoprøret i 1534 (Introduktion til Clement)". Archived from the original on 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
Other sources
edit- Dansk Biografisk leksikon, vol.3, (Copenhagen: 1979)
- Politikens Danmarkshistorie, vol 6, by Svend Cedergreen Bech, (Copenhagen: 1963)
External links
edit- Grevens Fejde (Count's Feud) Archived 2011-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
