Sisters Overseas Service (SOS) was a New Zealand organisation that helped women travel to Australia to obtain abortions in the 1970s and early 1980s. It was founded in response to the restrictions imposed by the Contraception, Sterlisation, and Abortion Act 1977. SOS arranged for women from all parts of New Zealand to travel to Australian abortion clinics as well as helping to fund women's travel. By 1979 the law was interpreted more liberally reducing the need for the services of SOS.
History
editThe Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977 passed into legislation on 15 December 1977, making New Zealand abortion law more restrictive and legal abortions virtually inaccessible.[1][2] In early 1978 a feminist-launched petition called for parliament to repeal the 1977 act but it was not presented to parliament.[2] In response to the law change groups of women banded together to form SOS.[3] SOS provided counselling and support and made arrangements for women to travel to Australian clinics for safe, legal abortions.[1]
The Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch SOS groups were set up within days of the legislation being passed.[4]
The Auckland branch, began operation the day after the legislation was passed.[4] It was initially run by volunteers but also had full-time staff: Joss Shawyer, Megan Grant and Sharyn Cederman.[5] The Auckland office received up to 60 phone calls and 20 visits from women each day. One in 10 women needed help with money; as funds were low women were advised to try and raise the $510 needed.[6]
Elizabeth Sewell founded SOS in Christchurch. Sewell supervised 2 staff and 20 volunteers, organised publicity and personally counselled women. At its peak SOS in Christchurch received 20 calls a day from women seeking assistance.[1]
In Wellington an SOS branch formed on 20 December 1977.[4] The local organiser was Leigh Minnitt, and she, Dr Carol Shand, Wendy Norman and a lawyer administered a trust which received donations from people wanting to help women “left in the lurch”.[7] Margaret Sparrow and Leigh Minnitt organised telephone volunteers, billets for women requiring accommodation before flying to Australia, transport, flights, funds and phone calls to Australian clinics.[4]
On Easter Monday in 1978 (27 March 1978) the SOS office in New St, Auckland was destroyed in an arson attack.[8]
Broadsheet magazine listed SOS contacts. In June 1980 there were branches in the following places: Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Gisborne, Hamilton, Invercargill, Blenheim, Naper/Hastings, Nelson, New Plymouth, Palmerston North, Rotorua, Taupo, Tauranga, Whakatane, Wellington.[9]
By 1979 changes to the 1977 Act made it more workable and interpretation of the law was liberalised. Facilities offering abortions opened and by 1981 flights to Australia virtually ceased.[2]
Achievements
editThe Auckland branch of SOS sent the first woman to Sydney on 21 December 1977, six days after the legislation was passed.[4][7] The women had to pay their own airfares but SOS would meet the cost of the abortion itself which was about $120.[7]
SOS sent 177 women in January 1978 with 111 women booked for February. Figures gathered in January 1978 from the major clinics in Australia indicated that at least 16 New Zealand women a day were having abortions. The majority SOS of referrals were sent to the Sydney feminist Control Abortion Referral Service but others went to Melbourne and elsewhere.[6][10] The ages of the women ranged from 14 to 45 and they came from all parts of New Zealand.[6]
By September 1978 some 1000 women had used the service.[2]
SOS in literature
editThe events in the life of the main character in Sue Orr's novel Loop Tracks (2021) were inspired by a friend who had used SOS in the late 1970s.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Dixon, Annette (1991). "Elizabeth Sewell". In MacDonald, Charlotte; Penfold, Merimeri; Williams, Bridget (eds.). The book of New Zealand women. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books. p. 599. ISBN 0-908912-04-8.
- ^ a b c d Carlyon, Jenny; Morrow, Diana (2013). Changing times : New Zealand since 1945. Auckland: Auckland University Press. pp. 229–230. ISBN 978-1-86940-782-7.
- ^ Cook, Megan (5 May 2011). "Health, fertility and education". Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Sparrow, Margaret (2010). Abortion then and now : New Zealand abortion stories from 1940 to 1980. Wellington, N.Z.: Victoria University Press. pp. 274–276. ISBN 9780864736321. OCLC 663450250.
- ^ Coney, Sandra (1978). "The Tasman traffic" (PDF). Broadsheet. 58: 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^ a b c "Australian abortions on increase". Dominion. 8 February 1978. p. 4.
- ^ a b c "Abortion help for 'abandoned' women". Evening Post. 20 December 1977. p. 44.
- ^ Coney, Sandra (1978). "Arson at SOS" (PDF). Broadsheet. 59: 6–7, 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^ "Directory". Broadsheet. 80: 41. 1980.
- ^ Garton, Gloria (7 March 1979). "Sydney's Second Feminist Abortion Clinic". Tribune. Sydney, NSW. p. 6. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Orr, Sue (2021). Loop tracks. Wellington: Victoria University Press. pp. 331–332. ISBN 978-1-77656-425-5. OCLC 1246680543.
Further reading
edit- Shand, Carol (2022) Things I remember, or was told: a memoir. Wellington: Writes Hill Press. p. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-9941494-9-7
External links
edit- Eyewitness: the Sisters Overseas Service and the 1977 Abortion Act on RNZ, 27 June 2019. An interview with one woman who used SOS in 1978.
- The Sisters Overseas Service (SOS). History Listen, ABC, July 2020