The Sisodia was an Indian royal dynasty belonging to the clan that ruled over the Kingdom of Mewar, in the region of Mewar in Rajasthan.[1] The name of the clan is also transliterated as Sesodia, Shishodia, Sishodia, Shishodya, Sisodya, Sisodiya, Sisodia.
Origins
editThe Sisodia dynasty traced its ancestry to Rahapa, a son of the 12th century Guhila King Ranasimha. He founded the village of Shisoda, in modern day Rajsamand district, as his capital, after which his descendants were called Sisodias. The main branch of the Guhila dynasty ended with their defeat against the Khalji dynasty at the Siege of Chittorgarh (1303). In 1326, Rana Hammir, who belonged to Sisodiya branch, reclaimed control of the region with the help of Baruji Sauda and his Charan allies, re-established the dynasty, and also became the founder of the Sisodia dynasty clan, a branch of the Guhila dynasty, to which every succeeding Maharana of Mewar belonged, and the Sisodias regained control of Chittor, the former Guhila capital.[2][3][4] The Sisodiyas were engaged in multiple battles against Sultans of Malwa, Nagor, Gujarat and Delhi.[5] They were a significant reason in weakening of the adjacent sultanates including the Delhi Sultanate.[6]
According to the Rajprashasti genealogy, one of these – Rana Samar – married Prithi, the sister of Prithviraj Chauhan. His grandson Rahapa adopted the title Rana (monarch). Rahapa's descendants spent some time at a place called Sisoda, and therefore, came to be known as "Sisodia".[7][8]
History
editThe most notable Sisodia rulers were Rana Hamir (r. 1326–64), Rana Kumbha (r. 1433–68), Rana Sanga (r.1508–1528) and Rana Pratap (r. 1572–97). The Bhonsle clan, to which the Maratha empire's founder Shivaji belonged, also claimed descent from a branch of the royal Sisodia family.[9] Nainsi in his book mentioned Shahji descended from Chacha, son of Rana Lakha.[10] Similarly, Rana dynasty of Nepal also claimed descent from Ranas of Mewar.[11]
According to the Sisodia Chronicles, when the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji attacked Chittorgarh in 1303, the Sisodia men performed Saka (fighting to the death), while their women committed Jauhar (self-immolation in preference to becoming enemy captives). This was repeated twice: when Bahadur Shah of Gujarat besieged Chittorgarh in 1535, and when the Mughal emperor Akbar conquered it in 1567.[12]
Frequent skirmishes with the Mughals greatly reduced the Sisodia power and the size of their kingdom. The Sisodias ultimately accepted the Mughal suzerainty, and some even fought in the Mughal army. However, the art and literary works commissioned by the subsequent Sisodia rulers emphasized their pre-Mughal past.[12] The Sisodias were the last Rajput dynasty to ally with the Mughals, and unlike other Rajput clans, never intermarried with the Mughal imperial family.[13] The Sisodias cultivated an elite identity distinct from other Rajput clans through the poetic legends, eulogies and visual arts commissioned by them. James Tod, an officer of the British East India Company, relied on these works for his book Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, or the central and western Rajpoot states of India (1829–1832). His widely read work further helped spread the views of the Sisodias as a superior Rajput clan in colonial and post-colonial India.[12][14]
Princely States
editList of Rulers
edit- Rana Hammir (1326–1364)
- Rana Kshetra (1364–1382)
- Rana Lakha (1382–1421)
- Rana Mokal (1421–1433)
- Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)
- Rana Udai I (1468–1473)
- Rana Raimal (1473–1508)
- Rana Sanga (1508–1527), Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.[15]
- Rana Ratan II (1528–1531)
- Rana Vikramaditya (1531–1536)
- Banvir (1536–1540)
- Rana Udai II (1540–1572)
- Maharana Pratap (1572–1597), 13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.
- Amar Singh I (1597–1620)
- Karan Singh II (1620–1628)
- Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)
- Raj Singh I (1652–1680)
- Jai Singh (1680–1698)
- Amar Singh II (1698–1710)
- Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)
- Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)
- Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)
- Raj Singh II (1754–1762)
- Ari Singh II (1762–1772)
- Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)
- Bhim Singh (1778–1828)
- Jawan Singh (1828–1838)
- Sardar Singh (1838–1842)
- Swarup Singh (1842–1861)
- Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)
- Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)
- Fateh Singh (1884–1930)
- Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)
Titular Maharanas
edit- Bhupal Singh (1947–1955)
- Bhagwat Singh Mewar (1955–1984)
- Mahendra Singh Mewar (1984–2024)
- Arvind Singh Mewar (present)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (e). ISBN 0226742210. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Rima Hooja (2006). A history of Rajasthan. Rupa. pp. 328–329. ISBN 9788129108906. OCLC 80362053. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ^ The Rajputs of Rajputana: a glimpse of medieval Rajasthan by M. S. Naravane ISBN 81-7648-118-1
- ^ Manoshi, Bhattacharya (12 August 2023). The Royal Rajputs. Rupa & Company. pp. 42–46. ISBN 9788129114013.
- ^ "History of Medieval India by Satish Chandra book pdf download". Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ Richards, John F. (1 January 1965). "The Economic History of the Lodi Period: 1451-1526". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 8 (1): 47–67. doi:10.1163/156852065X00020. ISSN 1568-5209.
- ^ Sri Ram Sharma (1971). Maharana Raj Singh and His Times. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–12. ISBN 9788120823983. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ^ Wessly Lukose (2013). Contextual Missiology of the Spirit: Pentecostalism in Rajasthan, India. Wipf & Stock Publishers. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-62032-894-1. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
- ^ Singh K S (1998). India's communities. Oxford University Press. p. 2211. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute, 1960, Muhnot Nainsi Ri Khyat, Part 1, page 15
- ^ "Greater Game: India's Race with Destiny and China by David Van Praagh". Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Melia Belli Bose (2015). Royal Umbrellas of Stone. Brill. pp. 248–251. ISBN 9789004300569. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
- ^ Melia Belli Bose (2015). Royal Umbrellas of Stone. Brill. p. 37. ISBN 9789004300569. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ Freitag, Jason (2009). Serving empire, serving nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan. Leiden: Brill. pp. 3–5, 49. ISBN 978-90-04-17594-5. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
- ^ "Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming". Internet Archive. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
Further reading
edit- Gopinath Sharma (1954). Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.). S.L. Agarwala.