Sheryl van Nunen OAM MBBS FRACP, is an Australian allergy researcher and Senior Staff Specialist in the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney, Australia, and Clinical Associate Professor at the Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney.
Associate Professor Sheryl van Nunen | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | Australian |
| Alma mater | University of Sydney |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Immunologist |
| Institutions | University of Sydney |
Van Nunen, a specialist in allergies,[1] is widely recognized for her work in 2007 identifying tick-induced mammalian meat allergy,[2][3][4] which has increased in prevalence worldwide since then.[5] In 2007 she was the first immunologist in the world to describe in a published paper the link between ticks and meat allergy.[6][7][8] According to van Nunen, Australia has the highest rate of mammalian meat allergy and tick anaphylaxis in the world.[9]
In 2018, after four years in development, van Nunen, in collaboration with a pharmaceuticals company and northern Sydney hospital Emergency Department, released a world-first freeze spray designed to be topically applied to ticks that have attached to humans. The spray kills ticks by freezing, rather than by the traditional method of removal using tweezers. Removing ticks by tweezers was found to have a significantly detrimental effect because tweezers squeeze toxins from the tick into the host and thereby significantly increase the allergen injected.[10][11] A study released in 2019[12] by van Nunen supports the growing consensus in Australia to kill the tick in situ rather than pull the tick out.[13][14]
Van Nunen had been working at a practice in a tick-prone area of Sydney, when some patients reported having allergic reactions to red meat after being bitten by ticks in their local areas.[2]
Some patients developed allergies to sugar molecule alpha galactose, more commonly known as alpha-gal, which is commonly found in meat and animal products e.g. cow's milk and gelatine.[2]
"Mammalian meat allergy will only come up under certain circumstances, so it's an anytime but not an every time allergy," van Nunen said.[2] "This is one of the problems with diagnosis."[2]
Van Nunen advises that tick anaphylaxis and mammalian meat allergy is preventable if one deals appropriately with the ticks. Preventative measures can also be applied by regularly treating your lawns and dressing appropriately to minimize your risk of exposure to ticks.[2]
Van Nunen advises that mammalian-meat allergy is a rare condition, albeit that she has managed hundreds of cases to date.[15] “After you’ve seen a couple of people and the story’s the same, I like to know what’s happening to them, so I always take a family history of allergy,” she says.[15] These patients said they had experienced a large, localized reaction, or a more extreme systemic reaction, when they’d been bitten by a tick.[15]
When more and more patients presented presenting with similar symptoms, it quickly became clear that it was a tick causing these significant reactions in patients.[15] The tick causing these significant reactions in patients can be found in the Northern Beaches areas.[15]
The tick deploys a unique strategy to maintain attached to its host for an extended period of time, thereby going unnoticed.[15] The tick remains undetectable by using its saliva, which contains anticoagulants, ensuring uninterrupted blood flow, which numbs the surrounding skin, suppresses the host's immune response, preventing any inflammatory reactions, thereby remaining undetectable for extended periods of time.[15]
In August 2020 van Nunen urged sufferers of hay fever to get tested for COVID-19.[16]
In 2021 van Nunen was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for service to medicine, particularly to clinical immunology and allergy.[17][18]
References
edit- ^ "The rare allergy that turned me into a vegetarian". www.abc.net.au. 25 December 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f McMahon, Alle (18 January 2019). "How tick bites can make some people allergic to meat and milk". ABC News. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ Velasquez-Manoff, Moises (24 July 2018). "What the Mystery of the Tick-Borne Meat Allergy Could Reveal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ Van Nunen, Sheryl (27 September 2017). "Tick bites and Mammalian Meat Allergy: Spring Seminar on Emergency Medicine" (PDF). Peripheral Hospitals Emergency Medicine Conference.
- ^ "How a tick bite could make you allergic to meat". Food. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ Barrowclough, Anne (16 July 2016). "The unusual suspects". The Weekend Australian Magazine. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
- ^ Van Nunen, Sheryl A; O’Connor, Kate S; Clarke, Lesley R; Boyle, Richard X; Fernando, Suran L (4 May 2009). "An association between tick bite reactions and red meat allergy in humans" (PDF). The Medical Journal of Australia. 190 (9): 510–511. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02533.x. PMID 19413526. S2CID 22184609.
- ^ van Nunen, Sheryl; O'Connor, K.; Fernando, S.; Clarke, L.; Boyle, R. (November 2007). "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IXODES HOLOCYCLUS TICK BITE REACTIONS AND RED MEAT ALLERGY". Internal Medicine Journal. 37: 17.
- ^ Lawson, Kirsten (20 November 2019). "Gluten 'lifestylers' undermine efforts on coeliac disease". The Canberra Times. p. 4.
- ^ Cross, Julie (27 October 2018). "Giving ticks the flick with world-first freezing spray". The Manly Daily.
- ^ Webb, Cameron. "Tackling the tricky task of tick removal". The Conversation. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ Taylor, Benjamin William Phillips; Ratchford, Andrew; van Nunen, Sheryl; Burns, Brian (3 April 2019). "Tick killing in situ before removal to prevent allergic and anaphylactic reactions in humans: a cross-sectional study". Asia Pacific Allergy. 9 (2): e15. doi:10.5415/apallergy.2019.9.e15. ISSN 2233-8268. PMC 6494660. PMID 31089457.
- ^ Salleh, Anna (1 January 2020). "Tweeze vs freeze: Here's the lowdown on how to get rid of a tick". ABC News. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ "Tick? Freeze it. Don't Squeeze it!". ABC Radio. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g Nogrady, Bianca (2 December 2020). "Cracking the meat-allergy mystery with the tick-bite link". Nature. 588 (7836): S17–S19. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02783-7.
- ^ Cross, Julie (18 August 2020). "Hayfever sufferers urged to get COVID-19 tests". Manly Daily.
- ^ "Australia Day 2021 Honours List" (PDF). Gazette. 26 January 2021.
- ^ Dow, Aisha (25 January 2021). "Hidden depth to extraordinary medical achievements of Australia Day award winners". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 July 2021.