The Sherborne bone is a fragment of animal rib, with a horse's head engraved on it, once dated to the Palaeolithic period, but now generally viewed as a forgery as radiocarbon dating revealed it to be only about 700 years old. The bone was found in the rubble of a quarry near Sherborne in Dorset.[1][2]
Discovery
editIn October 1911, Philip Grove and Arnaldo Cortesi, two boys at Sherborne School, presented a bone to their science master, Eliot Steel.[3] Steel reported that Cortesi had found it in a quarry near the school, where he had advised the boys that they could find fossils.[4]
Steel sent the bone to Arthur Smith Woodward at the Natural History Museum, who published it as "an apparent Palaeolithic engraving" of an ancient wild horse (equus przewalski),[5] and observed that it was very similar to the Robin Hood Cave Horse.[6]
Authenticity
editWoodward's identification was soon challenged by William Sollas, who described the bone as "a forgery perpetrated by some school boys".[7] In 1926 Charles Bayzard, who had worked at Sherborne School, claimed that he had been told by some of the students there that the bone was a forgery intended to trick Steel; Steel responded that in fact the claim of forgery was a hoax perpertrated against Bazyard.[6] Cortesi, by then a journalist with the New York Times, denied it was a forgery, and the family of Grove, who had been killed during the First World War, reported that he had always maintained that the find was genuine.[8]
In 1957 Kenneth Oakley performed a fluorine test on the bone, the results of which were consistent with an Upper Palaeolithic date for the bone.[9] In 1980, Ann Sieveking, after studying cracks in the bone, concluded that the engraving had been done after the cracks had been produced, and suggested that the Sherborne bone was "not an authentic Palaeolithic engraving".[10]
In 1994, C.B. Stringer and others carried out a radiocarbon dating, which placed the bone in the 14th century AD; they concluded: "it now seems inescapable that the Sherborne engraving is a recent fake."[1] This finding was accepted by J.H.P. Gibb, a housemaster at Sherborne School,[11] and was soon publicized in the national press.[12] As the design on the bone seems to have been inspired by the Robin Hood Cave Horse, the engraving must date to between the publication of that find in 1877 and the boys' presentation of the bone to Steel in 1911.[13] d'Errico et al. suggest that the hoax was most likely carried out by schoolboys at Sherborne.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b C.B Stringer, C.B. d'Errico, F. Williams, C.T. Housley, and R. Hedges, ' Solution for the Sherborne Problem,' Nature 452. [1]
- ^ F. d'Errico, C. T. Williams, & C. B. Stringer, "AMS Dating and Microscopic Analysis of the Sherborne Bone", Journal of Archaeological Science 1998. p.777
- ^ J.H.P. Gibb, 'A Sherborne Bone of Contention,' Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 118 (1996), 31-4.
- ^ R. Elliot Steel, "The Palæolithic Drawing of a Horse from Sherborne, Dorset", Nature vol.117 1926. p.331
- ^ A.S. Woodward, 'On an apparent Palaeolithic Bone from Sherborne,' Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 278 (1914), 100-3.
- ^ a b F. d'Errico, C. T. Williams, & C. B. Stringer, "AMS Dating and Microscopic Analysis of the Sherborne Bone", Journal of Archaeological Science 1998. p.778
- ^ W.J. Sollas, Ancient Hunters and their Modern Representatives (Oxford, 1924), 536 n. 1.
- ^ Gibb, 'Sherborne Bone,' 31.
- ^ R.A.H. Farrar, 'The Sherborne Controversy,' Antiquity 53 (1979), 211-6. doi:10.1017/S0003598X0004254X
- ^ A. Sieveking, 'A New Look at the Sherborne Bone,' Nature 719-20.
- ^ Gibb, 'Sherborne Bone,' 33.
- ^ N. Hawkes, The Times, 30 November 1995.
- ^ F. d'Errico, C. T. Williams, & C. B. Stringer, "AMS Dating and Microscopic Analysis of the Sherborne Bone", Journal of Archaeological Science 1998. p.781
- ^ F. d'Errico, C. T. Williams, & C. B. Stringer, "AMS Dating and Microscopic Analysis of the Sherborne Bone", Journal of Archaeological Science 1998. pp.784–785
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