The Severino di Giovanni Antipatriot Band was an urban guerrilla in Santiago, responsible for several arson attacks and explosives. The name was inspired by Severino di Giovanni, an Italian anarchist, journalist, worker and poet who died in Buenos Aires in 1931.[1][2]
| Severino di Giovanni Antipatriot Band | |
|---|---|
| Banda Antipatriota Severino di Giovanni | |
 Photograph of Severino di Giovanni, Italian anarchist who influenced the group's actions | |
| Dates of operation | May 21, 2007–2012 |
| Country | Chile |
| Active regions | Santiago |
| Ideology | Anarcho-communism Anti-patriotism Anti-authoritarianism Anti-statism Individualist anarchism Insurrectionary anarchism |
| Political position | Far-left |
| Status | Inactive |
| Allies | |
| Opponents | Government of Chile: |
History
editThis was one of several anarchist cells that were created in the late 2000s, where they commonly attacked their targets with fire extinguishers filled with gunpowder or any medium-strength explosive.[3][4][5] About two-thirds of the bombs detonated, with the rest defused. Targets include banks (about a third of the bombs), police stations, army barracks, churches, embassies, the headquarters of political parties, company offices, courthouses and government buildings. The bombs detonated mainly at night, and there were rarely injuries among passers-by, none seriously. The only fatality was a young anarchist, Mauricio Morales, who died on May 22, 2009, from a bomb he was carrying.[6][7][8] In 2011, another anarchist, Luciano Pitronello, was seriously injured by a bomb he was planting.[9][10] About 80 different groups claimed responsibility for the attacks. The authorities do not know if they were dealing with a group that continually changed its name or with many separate cells. Some groups named themselves after former anarchists around the world, including Leon Czolgosz, who assassinated United States President William McKinley in 1901, and Jean-Marc Rouillan, an imprisoned French leftist militant. "The friends of gunpowder" was also registered.[11][12][13]
The group showed solidarity for the death of the militant Mauricio Morales.[14] La Banda also expressed solidarity with those arrested after the 2014 Santiago subway bombing, and accused the authorities of a political persecution calling it "worthy of the military dictatorship." Several suspects were arrested and prosecuted, but most were acquitted.[15][16][17]
Attacks
editThe group's first attack was on May 21, 2007, in an explosion against the facilities of the Chilean Labor Directorate.[18] Its most publicized attack was an explosive left on the outskirts of the Tierra Noble restaurant located on Av. Nueva Costanera in Vitacura. On August 5, 2010, at the time of the call to the authorities, they evicted twenty diners, followed by a GOPE operation.[19][20]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Revelaron fotos inéditas del fusilamiento de Severino Di Giovanni, el anarquista que se enfrentó a Alvear, Yrigoyen y Uriburu". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2020.
- ^ "He visto morir: las fotos inéditas del fusilamiento de Severino Di Giovanni". Cosecha Roja (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2020.
- ^ "Atentados con artefactos explosivos en Santiago desde 2006 a 2019" (PDF). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "LOS ANTECEDENTES INÉDITOS DE LAS INVESTIGACIONES POR LOS ATAQUES CON BOMBA" (PDF). Sigweb/División de Seguridad Privada (in Spanish). Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ "Nuevo bombazo con un muerto agrava la inquietud por posible brote terrorista". El Economista (in Spanish). Retrieved September 7, 2020.
- ^ "¿Quién está tras el atentado en Chile?". Deutsch Well en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ "Anarquista murió tras explosión de bomba que llevaba en su espalda". El Austral- Diario de la Araucania (in Spanish). Retrieved September 7, 2020.
- ^ "Nuevo bombazo con un muerto agrava la inquietud por posible brote terrorista". El Economista (in Spanish). Retrieved September 7, 2020.
- ^ "Día del Joven Combatiente: los crímenes que marcaron el 29 de marzo de 1985 « Diario y Radio U Chile" (in Spanish). Retrieved March 29, 2020.
- ^ Long, Gideon (August 20, 2014). "Chileans baffled by persistent bomb attack". Santiago: BBC News. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ Skidmore, Thomas (2004). Modern Latin America. Oxford University Press. p. 134.
- ^ "Chile Shaken by Worst Attack in 30 Years". Latin American Herald Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
- ^ "Anarquista murió tras explosión de bomba que llevaba en su espalda". El Austral- Diario de la Araucania (in Spanish). Retrieved September 7, 2020.
- ^ "Un saludo de Libertad para Mauricio Morales". Cedema (in Spanish). Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ "2do Dossier "Caso bombas"". Agrupación de familiares y amig@s de l@s detenid@s del 14 de agosto (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2020.
- ^ "Características de la bomba". TVN (in Spanish). Retrieved October 10, 2014.
- ^ "¿Quién está tras el atentado en Chile?". Deutsch Well en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ "Atentado Explosivo a la Dirección General del Trabajo". Cedema (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2020.
- ^ "Artefacto explosivo en restaurante de Vitacura movilizó a efectivos del GOPE". Cooperativa.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2020.
- ^ "Reivindicación del ataque al restorant Tierra Noble". Cedema (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2020.