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Swampscott, Massachusetts

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Swampscott (/ˈswɒmpskət/)[1] is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 15 miles (24 km) up the coast from Boston in an area known as the North Shore. The population was 15,111 as of the 2020 United States Census.[2] A former summer resort on Massachusetts Bay, Swampscott is today a fairly affluent residential community and includes the village of Beach Bluff, as well as part of the neighborhood of Clifton.

Swampscott, Massachusetts
Town
Swampscott Town Hall, 22 Monument Ave
Swampscott Town Hall, 22 Monument Ave
Flag of Swampscott, Massachusetts
Flag
Official seal of Swampscott, Massachusetts
Seal
Location in Essex County and the state of Massachusetts
Location in Essex County and the state of Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42.4709° N, 70.9176° W42°28′15″N 70°55′05″W / 42.47083°N 70.91806°W / 42.47083; -70.91806
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyEssex
Settled1629
Incorporated1852
Government
 • TypeTown Manager/Representative town meeting
 • Town
   Administrator		Sean Fitzgerald
Area
 • Total
6.7 sq mi (17.4 km2)
 • Land3.1 sq mi (7.9 km2)
 • Water3.7 sq mi (9.6 km2)
Elevation
45 ft (14 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
15,111
 • Density4,874.5/sq mi (1,912.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code
01907
Area code339 / 781
FIPS code25-68645
GNIS feature ID0618311
WebsiteTown of Swampscott, Massachusetts, Official Web Site

History

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The area in and around Swampscott, Massachusetts has been inhabited by indigenous people for 12,000 years.[3] Prior to European colonization, the town was inhabited by members of the Naumkeag, Pennacook, and Pawtucket groups and Massachusett tribe.[4] They spoke an Eastern Algonquin language, and the Pawtucket migrated seasonally throughout the eastern coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.[5] It's estimated that 50-100 indigenous individuals resided in the Swampscott area at the time of European colonization. A series of epidemics following European settlement, including smallpox, killed many of the indigenous people living in the area, and it's estimated that fewer than 50 individuals remained by the late 17th century.[4]

Wood's New England Prospect lists "Swampscott" as a noted habitation in 1633 before extensive European settlement.[6] According to an early twentieth century source, the name "Swampscott" is variously said to mean "at the red rock", "broken waters", or "pleasant water place".[7]

Indigenous people in the Swampscott area subsisted on seasonally determined activities, including hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants and shellfish, and horticulture. They hunted deer, marine mammals, upland game birds, and ducks, and cultivated crops like corn, beans, pumpkin, squash, and tobacco.[4]

Swampscott was first colonized by Europeans in 1629 when Francis Ingalls settled there and built the first Massachusetts Bay Colony tannery. Ingalls observed that the town's indigenous population lived in wigwams extending from Black Will's Cliff along the entire north shore.[4] Swampscott has an important Revolutionary War site: the final home of General John Glover in Vinnin Square. During the War, the property was seized from Loyalist William Browne; Glover bought the land in 1781. The 1750s era Glover farmhouse, embedded in a former restaurant, is threatened with demolition for new development.

The town was first settled as the eastern part (Ward One) of Lynn, and was set off and officially incorporated in 1852.[8]

In 1867, a piece of the far western end of Salem, then known as the "Salem Finger", became part of Swampscott.[8] A beach town north of Boston, measuring 3 square miles (7.8 km2) and abutting Salem, Marblehead and Lynn, Swampscott was an important destination for the wealthy at the beginning of the 20th century. While Revere Beach, which lies just several miles down the road, has the honor of technically being America's first public beach, Swampscott was the de facto first resort town.[citation needed] Lynn was the divider between the poor beach and the rich resort town.[citation needed]

 
Swampscott Public Library

Education

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The community lies within the Swampscott School District.[9]

Swampscott's public school system includes one elementary school, Swampscott Elementary School; one middle school, Swampscott Middle School; and one high school, Swampscott High School.[10] The Machon elementary school was shut down in 2007, and is now a mixed-income senior community.[11] After construction of Swampscott Elementary School was completed in 2024, the Hadley Elementary School was shut down.[12] Stanley Elementary School and Clarke Elementary School are also located in Swampscott. A new building was completed in 2007 for Swampscott High School. In 2011, Swampscott considered installing a wind turbine, with the approximate height of a 30-story building, on the property of the Swampscott Middle School, but ultimately rejected the project.[13][14] In a special election on October 19, 2021, voters approved a new $98 million elementary school to be built on the site of the Stanley School. This new school replaced all former schools and opened to students in September 2024.[15][16]

Geography and transportation

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Swampscott is located at 42°28′27″N 70°54′21″W / 42.47417°N 70.90583°W / 42.47417; -70.90583 (42.474409, −70.905883).[17] According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17.4 km2), of which 3.0 square miles (7.9 km2) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2), or 54.83%, is water. Located beside Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, Swampscott lies along a mostly rocky shoreline, though there is enough clear shore for five beaches; Phillips which stretches into Preston and is by far the largest beach in town, Eisman's and Whales, Fisherman's, and a part of King's Beach, which extends into Lynn. There are several small parks, along with the small Harold King Forest in the northwest corner of town and the Tedesco Country Club which bisects part of the town. The town also has two small ponds, Foster Pond and Palmer Pond.

 
View of Boston from Swampscott shore
 
Great Black-backed Gull Swampscott MA June 2024

Swampscott is mostly suburban, with most of the clear land in the northwest corner of town. There are three villages within town, Beach Bluff to the east, Phillips Point to the south, and Phillips Beach inland between the two. The town is centered around Monument Square, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted;[18] which is 4 miles (6 km) south of Salem, 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Boston, and 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Cape Ann. The town is 23 miles (37 km) to the nearest point in New Hampshire, in the town of Salem. Swampscott is bordered by Marblehead to the northeast, Salem to the northwest, and Lynn to the southwest. The water rights of the town extend into Massachusetts Bay, bordered by those of Marblehead and Lynn.

Demographics

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See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18601,530—    
18701,846+20.7%
18802,500+35.4%
18903,198+27.9%
19004,548+42.2%
19106,204+36.4%
19208,101+30.6%
193010,346+27.7%
194010,761+4.0%
195011,580+7.6%
196013,294+14.8%
197013,578+2.1%
198013,837+1.9%
199013,650−1.4%
200014,412+5.6%
201013,787−4.3%
202015,111+9.6%
2023*15,487+2.5%
* = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

As of the census of 2020,[29] there were 15,111 people, with 6,093 households and 2.45 persons per household, residing in the town. The population density was 5,000.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,930.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.5% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 2.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.6% of the population.

There were a total of 6,093 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 57% of households were married couples living together, 26.6% were a female householder with no spouse, and 10.3% were a male householder with no spouse. Of all households, 18.2% were made up of individuals, and 10.9% were individuals over the age of 65 living alone.

In town, the population was spread out, with 5.4% under 5 years, 20.5% under 18, 55.5% between the ages of 18 and 64, and 18.6% 65 years and over. The median age of residents was 45 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median household income was $114,086, and the median income for a family was $143,320. Married-couple families had a median income of $156,341 and non-family households had a median income of $60,880. The per capita income for the town was $63,585. The town is ranked 54th on the List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income. About 5% of Swampscott residents were below the poverty line, including 4% of those under 18 years, 4.2% of those 18-64, and 9.1% 65 years and older. The homeownership rate was 73.4%, and the median value of owner-occupied housing units was $560,500.

The median home sale price for the town in 2007 was $565,894. Home values typically range from around $400,000 to upwards of $5 million for ocean front homes. These prices are comparable to other wealthy North Shore towns such as Marblehead and Manchester-by-the-Sea which are located nearby. In upper class oceanfront neighborhoods and neighborhoods with ocean views or views of the Boston skyline, average home prices increase to as much as $1,038,569 and average household incomes can range upwards of $150,000.[30] Larger oceanfront properties have recently been assessed at values greater than $5 million and in some cases upwards of $10 million.[31]

Historic buildings and sites

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Marian Court College

Swampscott was home to White Court, Calvin Coolidge's Summer White House, and later Marian Court College until the college's closure in 2015, and demolition in 2018-2019.[32]

Transportation

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Swampscott Railway Depot

The MBTA provides passenger rail service from Boston's North Station with the Swampscott station on its Newburyport/Rockport Line, as well as several bus lines. An abandoned 4-mile branch of the Boston & Maine Railroad originating in Swampscott serves as the Marblehead Rail Trail.

Swampscott is located along Massachusetts Route 1A and Route 129. Both routes enter from Lynn, with Route 1A passing north of the town center towards Salem, and Route 129 following the coast for a half mile before going inland north of Phillips Point and returning to the coast before heading into Marblehead. There is no highway within town, which lies well south of Massachusetts Route 128 and Interstate 95. The town is served by numerous MBTA bus routes which lead into the surrounding towns.

The nearest air service can be reached at Beverly Municipal Airport, and the nearest national and international air service can be found at Boston's Logan International Airport.

Notable people

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Whale Beach in 1909
 
The Boulevard in 1910
 
The New Ocean House Hotel c. 1920

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Swampscott". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  2. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Swampscott town, sex County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  3. ^ Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice (November 3, 2019). "Native American Tribes in Massachusetts". historyofmassachusetts.org. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d "MCH Reconnaissance Town Survey: Swampscott" (PDF). Massachusetts Historical Commission. 1985.
  5. ^ Roselieb, Abigail. "Douglas D. Schumann Library & Learning Commons: Native American Heritage Month: Welcome". library.wit.edu. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  6. ^ Wood, William (2002). Wood's Vocabulary of Massachusett. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing American Language Reprints. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-889758-97-8.
  7. ^ Douglas-Lithgow, R. A. (1909). Dictionary of American-Indian Place and Proper Names in New England. Salem, MA: Salem Press. p. 164.
  8. ^ a b "History of Swampscott | Swampscott, MA". www.swampscottma.gov. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  9. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Essex County, MA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 16, 2023. - Text list
  10. ^ "Home". Swampscott Public Schools. 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  11. ^ "The Machon".
  12. ^ http://www.swampscottps.org
  13. ^ Phillis, Michael (August 19, 2011). "Turbine more powerful than thought". The Salem News. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  14. ^ Zolot, Neil (January 6, 2012). "Swampscott Middle School wind turbine proposal rejected". Wicked Local Swampscott. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  15. ^ "Swampscott voters OK $98 million elementary school in special election". Wicked Local Swampscott. October 19, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  16. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Swampscott Says Yes. 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  17. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  18. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ^ "TOTAL POPULATION (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  20. ^ "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  21. ^ "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2003. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  22. ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  23. ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). 1: Number of Inhabitants. Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1900, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  25. ^ "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  26. ^ "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  27. ^ "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  28. ^ "City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  29. ^ "Swampscott town, Essex County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. April 1, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  30. ^ "Phillips Point (Phillip's Point) neighborhood in Swampscott, Massachusetts (MA), 01907 subdivision profile". City-data.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  31. ^ "Swampscott Real Estate". Zillow.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  32. ^ Swampscott, MA. "Swampscott, MA". Town.swampscott.ma.us. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  33. ^ "He takes all the credits".
  34. ^ "James Smith". Smith, Costello & Crawford. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
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