Scientology has been subjected to considerable regulation in Russia including having books prohibited, and branches forcibly closed.
Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia
editIn April 2007, the European Court of Human Rights ruled against Russia for repeatedly refusing to consider the Moscow Church of Scientology's application for the status of a legally valid religious association. The court found that the reasons given to deny re-registration of the church by the justice department and endorsed by the Moscow courts had no legal basis.[1][2]
Other events
editIn July 2007, the St. Petersburg City Court ordered that the city's Scientology center be closed for violating its charter by engaging in unlicensed health care services.[3] A court in Samara came to a similar decision in November 2008, closing down the activities of the local center for practicing without a license.[4]
In September 2009, the European Court of Human Rights issued a binding ruling in favor of two Scientology branches in Surgut and Nizhnekamsk, which had been denied registration as "religious organizations."[5] The two organizations were awarded 20,000 € in costs and damages.[5] The ruling, which cannot be appealed, said that Russia could not ban the Church of Scientology simply because it did not have a long history in the country.[5]
In December 2009, the court closed the Dianetics Center in Naberezhnye Chelny.[6]
In 2010, some of the works of L. Ron Hubbard were included into Russia's Federal List of banned extremist materials,[7] and removed on 3 May 2011.[8] Another such attempt was made by prosecutor in mid-2011 and was unsuccessful.[9]
In November 2015, the activities of the Church of Scientology Moscow were banned by the Moscow city court, an action which was supported by the Supreme Court in June 2016. Two reasons stand for this lengthened struggle between the Church of Scientology and the Russian ministry of justice, first is that the Russian Orthodox Church views CoS as a "destructive organization." The ROC is split between two contradicting opinions, first that "Scientology is a dangerous heretical sect," and the others say it is not a religion and is "purely commercial." One reason for this position is that the Church of Scientology's name is a United States Trademark and therefore cannot be religious.[10][better source needed]
In 2016 and 2019, police raided the Moscow and St. Petersburg branches and made several arrests.[11]
In June 2017, leaders of the Church of Scientology in St. Petersburg were arrested, charged with "participation in an 'extremist' community, incitement of hatred, and illegal business activities." According to Falikov, the accusations have no real basis. As for the accusations of illegal business activities, the Church of Scientology is made up of two branches, one a religious community "with no right to carry on a commercial activity, and the other a commercial branch, which sells books," Falikov writes. He calls the accusations an "instrument of suppression." He also mentioned that those arrested won a case against the European Court when their church branch was banned.[10][better source needed]
In September 2018, the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom adopted the case of imprisoned Russian Scientologist Ivan Matsitsky, calling him a "prisoner of conscience." Matsitsky had been imprisoned on June 5, 2017, after a raid on a Church of Scientology in St. Petersburg. Matsitsky's case was adopted along with that of another religious worker imprisoned in Russia, Jehovah's Witness Dennis Christensen. On their imprisonment, Vice Chair of the USCIRF Kristina Arriaga stated, "These two cases are examples of the Russian government 'securitizing' religion—targeting religious communities it considers illegitimate on the pretext that they pose a national security threat."[12]
In 2021, Russia labelled World Institute of Scientology Enterprises and Church of Spiritual Technology "undesirable organizations" after finding that they "pose a threat to the security of the Russian Federation."[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ ECHR, Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia, application no. 18147/02, 5 April 2007
- ^ IOL, April 5, 2007
- ^ Associated Press (12 July 2007). "Russian court shuts down Scientology center in St. Petersburg: prosecutors". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
- ^ Staff (20 November 2008). "Hubbard Center closed up in Samara". Interfax. www.interfax-religion.com. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
- ^ a b c "Scientologists win rights case against Russia". Associated Press. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Interfax (11 December 2009). "Суд закрыл Центр дианетики в Набережных Челнах". Interfax. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
- ^
- "Russia Bans Scientology Writings on Basis of Extremism". The Other Russia. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- Rose, Scott (22 April 2010). "Scientology Writings Banned as Extremist". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- "В России запрещены за экстремизм книги основателя сайентологии и фантаста Хаббарда"" [Books by Scientology founder and science fiction writer Hubbard are banned in Russia for extremism]. palm.newsru.com (in Russian). 30 June 2011.
- ^ "Минюст исключил из списка экстремистских материалов работы Л. Рона Хаббарда" [The Ministry of Justice excluded the works of L. Ron Hubbard from the list of extremist materials] (in Russian). 3 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2011.
- ^ Ямало-Ненецкий Авт. Окр. (Yamalo-Nenets Aut. okr.) (7 January 2011). "Вступило в силу решение о непризнании экстремистской биографии Рона Хаббарда" [The decision to not recognize the extremist biography of Ron Hubbard came into force]. SOVA Center (in Russian).
- ^ a b Fallikov, Boris. "The Provisions Against Religious Extremism as an Instrument of Outlawing Religious Minorities in Russia (the Cases of Jehovah's Witnesses and the Church of Scientology)". CESNUR Library. Center for New Studies on Religions. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^
- "Russian federal agents raid Church of Scientology offices in Moscow, St. Petersburg". Russian News Agency. 28 March 2019.
- "Russian Scientology Churches Raided in Fraud Investigation". The Moscow Times. 29 March 2019.
The Church of Scientology headquarters in St. Petersburg was also raided in March 2018 and June 2016.
- "St. Petersburg Scientology Leader Released 2 Years Into Arrest". The Moscow Times. 15 November 2019.
Arrests were made in 2016 when police raided the church's offices in Moscow and St. Petersburg in connection with illegal business dealings in the latter city.
- "Russia Bans Church of Scientology With 'Undesirable' Tag". The Moscow Times. 24 September 2021.
- ^ "Vice Chair Arriaga Adopts Two Religious Prisoners of Conscience". United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.
- ^ "Russia Bans Church of Scientology With 'Undesirable' Tag". The Moscow Times. 24 September 2021.