The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Chile. The first small branch was established in 1956. Since then, the LDS Church in Chile has grown to more than 600,000 members in 573 congregations. Chile ranks as having the 3rd most members of the LDS Church in South America and the 6th worldwide. The LDS Church in Chile has more members per capita than the United States and is the second largest denomination in Chile behind the Roman Catholic Church. Chile has more LDS Church members per capita than any country outside of the Pacific Islands.[4]
 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile | |
|---|---|
 (Logo in Spanish) | |
 | |
| Area | South America South |
| Members | 607,583 (2023)[1] |
| Stakes | 78 |
| Districts | 11 |
| Wards | 441 |
| Branches | 130 |
| Total Congregations[2] | 571 |
| Missions | 10 |
| Temples |
|
| FamilySearch Centers | 103[3] |
History
edit| Year | Members |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 614 |
| 1970 | 9,416 |
| 1980 | 63,658 |
| 1989 | 266,000 |
| 1999 | 502,153 |
| 2009 | 561,920 |
| 2019 | 602,373 |
| *Membership was published as a rounded number. Source: Windall J. Ashton; Jim M. Wall, Deseret News, various years, Church Almanac Country Information: Chile[1] | |
The LDS Church has been established in Chile for over sixty years. The church experienced some periods of rapid expansion during that time, becoming, by some estimates, the second largest church in the country.
Early apostle Parley P. Pratt was among the first Mormon missionaries to preach in Chile, landing in Valparaiso in November, 1851, along with Elder Rufus Allen and Phoebe Sopher, one of Pratt's wives, who was pregnant at the time. The mission party was impressed by the Chilean countryside and people. Pratt wrote that the people he met in Chile were "a neat, plain, loving and sociable people; very friendly, frank, and easy to become acquainted with," but the mission trip met with tragedy when the Pratt's month-old son died in January 1852.[5] Hampered by language difficulties and a lack of literature in the Spanish language (selections of the Book of Mormon were not translated into Spanish until 1875)[6] the missionaries left Chile after four months without having a successful baptism.[5] Pratt used his experience in South America to advise Brigham Young that the success of future missionary efforts would be based on translations of the Mormon scriptures.[7] Another difficulty was that, at the time of Pratt's visit, the Chilean constitution did not permit the public practice of any religion besides Catholicism.[8]
Missionary work in Chile began in earnest in 1956, when the country was made part of the Argentine mission and the first small branch was formed.[9] By 1961, the country had 1,100 members and the Chilean mission was organized. The following three decades saw explosive growth in church membership, with the church membership doubling every two years at its peak.[5] The growth sparked a building boom during these decades. Hundreds of LDS meetinghouses were constructed, capped by the dedication of the Santiago Temple in 1983. Church growth continued in the 1990s, with the country having the greatest growth in LDS membership in South America during the decade. Between 1994 and 1996, 26 new stakes were dedicated in the country.[9]
The period of rapid expansion in membership was followed by a sharp contraction. The church is now retrenching after its period of high growth and hundreds of units have been decommissioned since 1998.[10] In 2002, the church sent Elder Jeffrey R. Holland, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, to remain in Chile for a year to train leadership and minister to the church,[11] a role typically held by members of the quorums of the seventy. Due to high levels of member inactivity, 37% of the stakes created in Chile have since been discontinued.[12]
Although an average of 12,000 people were baptized annually between 1961 and 1990, membership growth has now cooled and the church has a large number of inactive members. According to census data, 0.9% of the population claims to be Mormon, based upon those aged 15 and over who identify themselves as Mormon. The church itself reports that it has 595,526 members in Chile, which is equal to about 3.3% of the population. If accurate, these numbers makes the LDS Church the single largest denomination in Chile after Catholicism.[13] LDS statistics counts everyone baptized, including children age eight or older as well as inactive members. Using unofficial sources, the Cumorah Project website estimates that 20% of Chilean members actively attend church services.[10]
Jorge F. Zeballos, a former civil engineer, is a Chilean-born LDS general authority. He was called to the First Quorum of the Seventy in April, 2008.[14] Zeballos is the second Chilean to serve as a general authority. He followed Eduardo Ayala, who served in the Second Quorum of the Seventy from 1990 to 1995.
A second temple, in Concepción, was announced in 2009. The groundbreaking for this temple occurred on October 17, 2015,[15] and it was later dedicated on October 28, 2018.[16]
In April 2019, church president Russell M. Nelson announced a third Chilean temple to be built in Antofagasta.[17]
A fourth Temple was announced in 2021 to be built in Santiago, the second in the capital.
In the October 2023 General Conference, President Russel M. Nelson announced the plans to build a fifth Temple in the city of Viña del Mar.
Church schools in Chile
editWhen the Chilean Mission was organized in 1961, A. Delbert Palmer was its mission president.[18]: 99–100 Church leaders considered communism to be an "evil force" and area authority Theodore Tuttle encouraged Palmer to create a school to protect students from communism.[18]: 101 Local members requested schooling for their children, especially after some were expelled from Catholic schools for joining the LDS Church.[18]: 102 In 1963, Tuttle and Palmer started preparing two elementary schools in La Cisterna and Vina del Mar. They reported directly to the first presidency rather than to the CES board of education. Dale Harding's position as superintendent was both a professional and religious position.[18]: 103 The schools opened in March 1964.[18]: 106
In the 1960s in Chile, educational reforms gave children more opportunities for education, but there still existed a large divide between public and private schools, both of which were supported by the government. Because of the educational situation, parents were very interested in private LDS schools for their children.[18]: 108–109 After the first year, all the children passed their government-administered end-of-year exams, with many performing very well.[18]: 110–111 A large earthquake in March 1965 greatly damaged both schools, but the schools continued despite this setback. Rather than use the traditional lecture-exam format, teachers varied their teaching methods to include group work and in-service training.[18]: 111–112 In 1967, Lyle J. Loosle became the new superintendent. Under his leadership, volunteers supported new elementary schools in Nunoa and Talcahuano.[18]: 114–115
In 1970, the Church Board of Education approved the purchase of a Catholic school near Santiago.[18]: 117 Later that year, Salvador Allende, a Marxist, was elected as president, and Church members were uncertain about the future of the LDS Church and Church schools.[18]: 118 Middle-class citizens of various kinds opposed a National Unified School system. The minister of education requested using a church building for another session of schooling.[18]: 120 In response, Loosle increased enrollment to ensure that the schools were always operating at full capacity. Kindergartens operated in LDS chapels in Arica, Inquique, and La Calera to keep them from being used by the government for other purposes.[18]: 121 After Allende was overthrown, the kindergartens closed.[18]: 129
Seminary teacher Richard Brimhall visited the schools in 1972 and felt alarmed at how many faculty were Marxists. That year, Jorge Rojas, from Mexico, became the next superintendent. He felt that the Church schools ought to be closed because of their Marxist leanings, and made this recommendation to Church officials.[18]: 123 After Rojas dismissed two non-member teachers, other teachers formed a union to protest new policies. Loosle was asked to return after Church headquarters reassigned Rojas to a school in Mexico. Loosle dismissed teachers' union leaders when they refused to resign.[18]: 124 The union leaders demanded reinstatement.[18]: 125 Loosle asked teachers to repent of their unionization; some union members left the school, while others left the union. Loosle rehired some of the union leaders.[18]: 125 In 1973, Beningno Pantoja Arratia became the new superintendent, and he instituted several reforms, including ecclesiastical interviews.[18]: 129 In 1970, Neal A. Maxwell became the Church Commissioner of Education, a new position overseeing Church schools, seminaries, and institutes.[18]: 129 A 1971 policy from Maxwell stated that non-religious education should only be provided by the Church when "other educational systems are nonexistent, seriously deficient or inaccessible to our members."[18]: 130 Chilean church schools started to close in 1977, with the Church's growth and adequate public schools given as reasons for closure.[18]: 130 By 1981, Church schools had completely closed in Chile, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay.[18]: 131
Stakes and districts
edit| Stake/District | Organized | Mission | Temple |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aconcagua Chile Stake | 4 Jul 1993 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Alto Hospicio Chile District | 16 Oct 2005 | Chile Antofagasta | Arequipa Peru |
| Angol Chile Stake | 18 Dec 1994 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Antofagasta Chile La Portada Stake | 5 Sep 1993 | Chile Antofagasta | Santiago Chile |
| Antofagasta Chile Stake | 10 Aug 1980 | Chile Antofagasta | Santiago Chile |
| Arauco Chile Stake | 17 Nov 2002 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Arica Chile Costanera Stake | 29 Jan 1980 | Chile Antofagasta | Arequipa Peru |
| Arica Chile Los Olivos Stake | 12 Mar 1995 | Chile Antofagasta | Arequipa Peru |
| Buín Chile Stake | 10 Feb 1984 | Chile Santiago South | Santiago Chile |
| Calama Chile Stake | 17 Mar 1985 | Chile Antofagasta | Santiago Chile |
| Chillán Chile Ñuble Stake | 24 Nov 1996 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Chillán Chile Stake | 13 Feb 1983 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Chiloe Chile District | 13 Dec 1983 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Colina Chile Stake | 2 Oct 1994 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Concepción Chile Andalién Stake | 28 Oct 1979 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Concepción Chile Chiguayante Stake | 18 Dec 1994 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Concepción Chile Stake | 30 Jan 1977 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Copiapó Chile Stake | 11 Apr 1993 | Chile La Serena | Santiago Chile |
| Coquimbo Chile Stake | 1 Dec 2002 | Chile La Serena | Santiago Chile |
| Coronel Chile District | 17 Nov 2002 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Coyhaique Chile District | 17 Aug 2003 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Curicó Chile Stake | 10 May 1981 | Chile Rancagua | Santiago Chile |
| El Belloto Chile Stake | 11 Apr 1993 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Hualpén Chile Stake | 15 Jun 1980 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Illapel Chile District | 23 Nov 1986 | Chile La Serena | Santiago Chile |
| Iquique Chile Stake | 14 Dec 1986 | Chile Antofagasta | Arequipa Peru |
| La Serena Chile Stake | 23 Oct 1988 | Chile La Serena | Santiago Chile |
| Linares Chile Stake | 24 Nov 2002 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Los Ángeles Chile North Stake | 1 Jun 1986 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Los Ángeles Chile South Stake | 1 Dec 1996 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Nueva Toltén Chile District | 13 May 2001 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Osorno Chile Rahue Stake | 25 May 1997 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Osorno Chile Stake | 17 May 1981 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Ovalle Chile District | 24 Nov 2002 | Chile La Serena | Santiago Chile |
| Peñaflor Chile Stake | 10 Dec 1981 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Penco Chile Stake | 24 May 1981 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Puerto Montt Chile Stake | 25 Apr 1982 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Punta Arenas Chile Stake | 10 Jun 1984 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Quillota Chile Stake | 7 Jun 1981 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Quilpué Chile Stake | 28 Nov 1976 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Rancagua Chile Stake | 26 Aug 1981 | Chile Rancagua | Santiago Chile |
| Rancagua Chile Tupahue Stake | 11 Apr 1993 | Chile Rancagua | Santiago Chile |
| San Antonio Chile Stake | 2 Jul 1989 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| San Fernando Chile District | 30 Jun 2002 | Chile Rancagua | Santiago Chile |
| San Pedro Chile Stake | 30 Aug 1981 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Santa Cruz Chile District | 8 Oct 1981 | Chile Rancagua | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Alicahue Stake | 20 Aug 1995 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Cinco de Abril Stake | 10 Jun 1979 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Conchalí Stake | 4 Nov 1979 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Cordillera Stake | 19 Mar 1995 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Gabriela Stake | 8 Dec 1996 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Huelén Stake | 19 Nov 1972 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Independencia Stake | 6 May 1979 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Javiera Carrera Stake | 20 Sep 1992 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile La Cisterna Stake | 8 Dec 1974 | Chile Santiago South | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile La Florida Stake | 10 Jun 1979 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile La Reina Stake | 27 Jun 1993 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Las Condes Stake | 12 Mar 1983 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Los Alerces Stake | 9 Jul 1995 | Chile Santiago South | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Los Aviadores Stake | 14 Dec 1980 | Chile Santiago South | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Los Cerrillos Stake | 30 Jul 1995 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Maipú Stake | 6 Dec 1992 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Ñuñoa Stake | 28 Nov 1976 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Ochagavía Stake | 19 Nov 1995 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Olimpo Stake | 22 Nov 1998 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Puente Alto Stake | 18 Aug 1985 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Quilicura Stake | 9 Nov 1980 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Renca Stake | 16 Sep 1984 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile República Stake | 18 Apr 1976 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile San Bernardo Stake | 25 Feb 1979 | Chile Santiago South | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile San Miguel Stake | 18 Aug 1985 | Chile Santiago South | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile San Pablo Stake | 13 Mar 1983 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Vicuña Mackenna Stake | 21 Mar 1993 | Chile Santiago East | Santiago Chile |
| Santiago Chile Zapadores Stake | 14 Nov 1982 | Chile Santiago North | Santiago Chile |
| Talagante Chile Stake | 10 Nov 2002 | Chile Santiago West | Santiago Chile |
| Talca Chile Stake | 18 Nov 1979 | Chile Rancagua | Concepción Chile |
| Talcahuano Chile North Stake | 16 Oct 1977 | Chile Concepción | Concepción Chile |
| Temuco Chile Cautín Stake | 26 Nov 1995 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Temuco Chile Ñielol Stake | 18 Mar 1981 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Valdivia Chile Calle Calle Stake | 23 Nov 1997 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Valdivia Chile Stake | 10 Jan 1988 | Chile Puerto Montt | Concepción Chile |
| Vallenar Chile District | 29 Oct 1981 | Chile La Serena | Santiago Chile |
| Valparaíso Chile Stake | 20 Nov 1977 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Valparaíso Chile West Stake | 20 Jun 2002 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Victoria Chile District | 26 May 1983 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Villa Alemana Chile Stake | 8 Jun 1979 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Villa Alemana Chile West Stake | 14 Jul 1996 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Villarrica Chile District | 26 May 1983 | Chile Concepción South | Concepción Chile |
| Viña del Mar Chile Achupallas Stake | 28 Oct 1984 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
| Viña del Mar Chile Stake | 5 Dec 1974 | Chile Viña del Mar | Santiago Chile |
Missions
edit| Mission | Organized |
|---|---|
| Chile Antofagasta | 1 Jul 1988 |
| Chile Concepción | 1 Jul 1975 |
| Chile Concepción South | 1 Jul 2003 |
| Chile La Serena | June 2024 |
| Chile Puerto Montt | 1 Jul 1977 |
| Chile Rancagua | 8 Oct 1961 |
| Chile Santiago East | 1 Jul 1997 |
| Chile Santiago North | 1 Jan 1977 |
| Chile Santiago South | 1 Jul 2013 |
| Chile Santiago West | 1 Jul 1995 |
| Chile Viña del Mar | 1 Jul 1979 |
Temples
edit
= Operating
= Under construction
= Announced
= Temporarily Closed
|
edit | |||||
| Location: Announced: Groundbreaking: Dedicated: Rededicated: Size: |
Santiago, Chile 2 April 1980 by Spencer W. Kimball 30 May 1981 by Spencer W. Kimball 15 September 1983 by Gordon B. Hinckley 12 March 2006 by Gordon B. Hinckley 20,831 sq ft (1,935.3 m2) on a 2.61-acre (1.06 ha) site - designed by Emil B. Fetzer | |||||
|
edit | |||||
| Location: Announced: Groundbreaking: Dedicated: Size: |
Concepción, Chile 3 October 2009 by Thomas S. Monson[19][20] 17 October 2015 by Walter F. González[21] 28 October 2018 by Russell M. Nelson[22] 23,095 sq ft (2,145.6 m2) on a 4.06-acre (1.64 ha) site | |||||
|
|
edit | ||||
| Location: Announced: Groundbreaking: Size: |
Antofagasta, Chile 7 April 2019 by Russell M. Nelson[24] 27 November 2020 by Juan Pablo Villar 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) on a 2.2-acre (0.89 ha) site | |||||
|
|
edit | ||||
| Location: Announced: Groundbreaking: Size: |
Santiago, Chile 3 October 2021 by Russell M. Nelson[25][26] 17 August 2024 by Alan R. Walker[27][28] 12,500 sq ft (1,160 m2) on a 2.4-acre (0.97 ha) site | |||||
|
|
edit | ||||
| Location: Announced: Size: |
Viña del Mar, Valparaiso, Chile 1 October 2023 by Russell M. Nelson[29][30] 30,000 sq ft (2,800 m2) on a 1.87-acre (0.76 ha) site | |||||
|
edit | |||||
| Location: Announced: |
Puerto Montt, Chile 6 October 2024 by Russell M. Nelson[31][32] | |||||
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ a b "Facts and Statistics: Statistics by Country: Chile", Newsroom, LDS Church, retrieved 31 May 2023
- ^ Excludes groups meeting separate from wards and branches
- ^ Category:Chile Family History Centers, familysearch.org, retrieved August 18, 2022
- ^ The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints membership statistics
- ^ a b c "The Biggest Little Mormon Country in the World - VQR Online". www.vqronline.org. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ Stocks, Hugh G. (1992), "Book of Mormon Translations", in Ludlow, Daniel H (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 213–214, ISBN 978-0-02-879602-4, OCLC 24502140
- ^ [1] | Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt.
- ^ "Chile: Virtual Jewish History tour". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^ a b "Chile". newsroom.lds.org. Archived from the original on 2010-06-18. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ a b "International Resources for Latter-day Saints". Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ "Country information: Chile". 28 January 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ Martinich, Matt. "Discontinued Stakes Worldwide". Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "LDS News - Mormon News - Official Newsroom of the Church". www.mormonnewsroom.org. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ "LDS Church News - A Living Record of the Restoration". LDS Church News. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ Swenson, Jason. "Ground broken for future temple in Concepción". thechurchnews.com. Deseret News. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ Weaver, Sarah Jane. "President Nelson calls Chile temple dedication 'heavenly crescendo' for 5-nation tour". Deseret News. Deseret News. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "Prophet Announces Eight New Temples at April 2019 General Conference". Mormon Newsroom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Griffiths, Casey Paul; Esplin, Scott C. (2014). ""Colegias Chilenes de los Santos de los Ultimos Dias": The History of Latter-day Saint Schools in Chile". Journal of Mormon History. 40 (1): 97–134.
- ^ "President Thomas S. Monson: 'Welcome to Conference'", Deseret News, October 3, 2009, retrieved 2012-11-06.
- ^ Talor, Scott (October 4, 2009), "Brigham City among five new locales for LDS temples", Deseret News, retrieved 2012-11-06.
- ^ "Ground Broken for Temples in Chile and the U.S." Newsroom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 17 October 2015.
- ^ "President Nelson Dedicates Concepción Chile Temple: Latter-day Saint prophet completes South America ministry tour". Newsroom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 28 October 2017.
- ^ Open House Begins for the Concepción Chile Temple, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 7 September 2018
- ^ "Prophet Announces Eight New Temples at April 2019 General Conference", Newsroom, LDS Church, 7 April 2019
- ^ "13 new temple locations announced by President Nelson as conference closes", Church News, Deseret News, 3 Oct 2021
- ^ "At the October 2021 General Conference, the Prophet Says the Church Will Build 13 More Temples", Newsroom, LDS Church, 3 Oct 2021
- ^ Milestones Reached for Temples in South America and the US, Newsroom, churchofjesuschrist.org, 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ See this page for further details.
- ^ Where the 20 new Latter-day Saint temples will be built as Russell Nelson’s record tally continues to rise, Salt Lake Tribune, 1 October 2023
- ^ "The Church of Jesus Christ Will Build 20 New Temples", Newsroom, LDS Church, 1 October 2023
- ^ The 17 new LDS temples include firsts for two countries and two U.S. states, Salt Lake Tribune, 6 October 2024
- ^ "The Prophet Announces 17 New Temples at the October 2024 General Conference", Newsroom, LDS Church, 6 October 2024
References
edit- Néstor Curbelo, "Conversion and Change in Chile", Liahona, October 2014
External links
edit- LDS Newsroom - Chile
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Chile) - Official Site
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Visitors Site