Wikipedia

Sanjay Shah

This article is about the businessman. For the former Kenyan national, see History of British nationality law § British Nationals with no other citizenship.

Sanjay Shah (born 11 September 1970) is a Dubai-based British trader currently being accused of tax fraud.[1] He founded Solo Capital, a hedge fund firm in Britain[2] which closed in 2016,[3] and the NGO Autism Rocks, which closed in 2020.[4][5]

Sanjay Shah
Shah in 2016
Born (1970-09-11) 11 September 1970 (age 54)
CitizenshipBritish
OccupationTrader

Shah was ordered to pay back sums of money in May 2023 by the Dubai courts but has appealed since waiting for his UK trial to finish[6] in a case regarding the Danish Government being allegedly defrauded of 12.7 billion DKK (1.65 billion euros) between 2012 and 2015.[7] This was part of the CumEx-Files involving multiple European nations and involves a number of the world's largest banks such as Barclays, Merrill Lynch, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley, BNP Paribas, Banco Santander, Macquarie Bank and Deutsche Bank.[8]

Shah has admitted his company enabled clients to claim around DKK 8 billion from the Ministry of Taxation.[9] He claimed that he was only using legal tax loopholes, where dividend income is taxed differently in various jurisdictions.[10][11] Shah was extradited to Denmark in December 2023. In December 2024 Shah was sentenced for 12 years in jail for tax fraud.[12]

Career

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Shah worked as a banker for Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse and Rabobank "over a period of almost 20 years and – after finding himself unemployed in 2008 – set up his own investment management, brokerage and principal trading business".[13] He founded the hedge fund firm Solo Capital in London,[2] which employed "more than 100 financial experts across offices in London and Dubai".[13] Shah was investigated in regards to tax fraud and Solo Capital closed in 2016,[3] amid the investigation by Danish authorities,[3] while his London home and offices were raided by the British National Crime Agency, and Varengold Bank (co-owned by Shah) was raided by German authorities.[14][15]

Danish dividend tax fraud charges

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In 2010, in an audit report, the Danish Ministry of Taxation was found to have ignored warnings on multiple occasions of a legal tax loophole concerning dividend tax.[16] This was two years before Sanjay Shah's company Solo Capital enabled clients to be paid more than 8 billions of DKK in tax refunds.[17] In June 2018, Denmark's Ministry of Taxation filed a civil claim in the UK High Court of Justice, claiming it had been the victim of fraud, conspiracy, dishonesty and unjust enrichment.[18]

Since 2015, Shah has been the prime suspect in a case regarding the Danish Government being allegedly defrauded of 12.7 billion DKK (1.65 billion euros) which was exposed in the CumEx-Files.[2][19][20] Shah was investigated in regards to the case in 2015.[21] The alleged tax fraud took place between 2012 and 2015[22] and is the largest in the history of Denmark.[14] Shah is also the prime suspect in similar alleged tax fraud cases involving more than 200 million euros in Belgium and 65,000 euros (580,000 NOK) in Norway respectively.[23][24][25][26] An additional 300 million euros in Belgium and 40 million euros (350 million NOK) in Norway were only stopped, because of warnings from the Danish authorities.[23][24][25][26] In addition, he is being investigated since 2016 by Germany and the UK via Eurojust, and by the US Treasury Department, as it is suspected that some of the money were funneled through US pension funds.[19][25][27]

As of December 2016, about 300 million euros had been seized by the Danish police in cooperation with foreign police forces.[28]

In 2017, two suspected co-conspirators were also charged by the Danish authorities.[29]

In September 2018, a High Court of Justice judge in London entered a $1.3 billion default judgment against two UK companies, Solo Capital Limited and Elysium Global (UK) Limited, which were no longer in Shah's control, at the behest of the Danish tax agency SKAT. The claims against these companies were not defended, hence the default judgment. In the same month, finans.dk, a subsidiary of the Jyllands-Posten newspaper, reported that assets in Elysium Global and Elysium Properties, two of Shah's companies, had been frozen.[30] and that Danish authorities have filed cases against him in the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts as well as the Commercial Court in London.[30]

In 2018, Britain, Germany and the United Arab Emirates had frozen, but not confiscated $660 million in assets belonging to Shah.[31]

In May 2019, a number of American pension funds agreed to return 1.6 billion DKK (239 million USD) in a related tax-fraud case.[32] In September 2019, German North Channel Bank accepted a fine of 110 million DKK for its involvement in a related tax fraud scheme.[33][34] Shah remains the main suspect in the main tax fraud case.[33]

In September 2019, Danish tax authorities reported that a ruling in Dubai against a 'central player' in the tax fraud case provides access to 9 million documents, of which 3.5 million had already been transferred.[35] Shah's spokesman, Jack Irvine, has confirmed that these documents came from Shah.[35] As of September 2019, the total number of Danish indictments against persons and companies involved in the tax fraud scheme has risen to 476 with projected legal costs of 2.4 billion Danish kroner.[35] In May 2020, the Tax Minister Morten Bødskov announced that the fees paid to lawyers was USD350 million, and that 250 new employees had been added to the Tax Office to address massive failures in control.[36]

In September 2019, the authorities have so far found no evidence of fraud in the UK, Germany or Denmark.[37]

In November 2019, British and Danish authorities reached an agreement that the main prosecution against Shah should take place in a Danish court of law, and both countries support his extradition from Dubai to Denmark.[38]

Extradition of a suspect from the United Arab Emirates has been described by a Danish expert as 'almost impossible' due to reciprocity as UAE implements death sentence for certain crimes and Denmark can't do this due to human rights concerns.[25][39]

As of 2019, Shah has denied any wrongdoing.[3] In papers lodged in London's High Court as part of a civil case brought by the Danish tax authority SKAT, Shah's lawyers rejected the allegations against him.[40]

The Danish Prosecutor interrogated Shah in Abu Dhabi over three days in a voluntary interview in September 2019.[41]

On 12 August 2020, the Dubai Court dismissed the Danish government's claim that it had been defrauded by Sanjay Shah of £1.5 billion (Dh7.2 bn), due to lack of evidence.[42]

In January 2021, Danish prosecutors charged Shah with fraudulently reclaiming $1.6 billion in dividend tax.[43] Prosecutors are seeking a 12 year sentence due to the severity of case.[43] In April 2021, the United Kingdom Commercial Court dismissed Denmark's claim against Shah, with judge Andrew Baker stating that the charges were "politically as well as financially motivated"; however, the court did not take action on Shah's frozen assets in Great Britain at that time.[44] On 28 February 2022 the Danish government won the appeal case reversing High Courts previous dismissal of the case, with judge Julian Flaux stating that "judge [Baker] fell into error in accepting" the alleged fraud defendants' submission.[45]

On 31 May 2022 Shah was arrested in Dubai to face trial for potential extradition to Denmark.[46] On 12 September 2022 the judge of the case ruled that Shah wouldn't be extradited to Denmark, due to a lack of documents regarding the investigation. The Danish authorities have the ability to appeal the decision.[47][48]

On 15 September 2022, a Dubai civil court reportedly ruled that Sanjay Shah and other suspects in the Danish dividend tax fraud case return around 8 billion DKK ($1.1 billion) to Denmark.[49]

In February 2024, Anthony Patterson, a British trader hired by Sanjay Shah admitted in part to charges of complicity in serious fraud in the Cum-Ex scandal.[50]

Extradition and trial in Denmark

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On 6 December 2023, the United Arab Emirates extradited Shah to Denmark where he was arrested upon landing in Copenhagen Airport.[51] The following day he was presented at grundlovsforhør (transl. interrogation). A judge at the Court of Glostrup [da] ruled Shah to be detained pre-trial until 3 January 2024, at which point his detention would again be decided upon.[52]

In March 2024, Shah went to trial in Copenhagen.[53]

In September 2024, Denmark's prosecutor asked the court to sentence Shah to a maximum of 12 years in prison.[54] On 13 December 2024, Shah was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment, the longest recorded for a financial crime in Danish history.[55]

Trial and Sentencing

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On December 13, 2024, Sanjay Shah was sentenced to 12 years in prison by a Danish court for his role in a tax fraud scheme that cost the Danish government over £1 billion.[56] This sentence is the longest ever imposed for a financial crime in Danish history.

Key details of the sentencing:

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  • Shah was permanently barred from entering Denmark.
  • Assets valued at approximately $1 billion (DKK 7.2 billion) were ordered to be confiscated, including multiple properties.
  • The judge, Nanna Blach, stated that Shah played a "central and leading role" in the operation that led to "unjustified" payments.
  • Prosecutor Marie Tullin emphasized that the lengthy sentence reflected "the extraordinarily large sum involved, the duration of the scheme, and his management role over several years in perpetrating this fraud against the Danish state".

Shah's attorney, Kaare Pihlmann, indicated that they would appeal the decision, expressing hope for a more lenient outcome in the High Court. The trial, which lasted several months, focused on Shah's alleged masterminding of a cum-ex scheme between 2012 and 2015. Throughout the proceedings, Shah maintained his innocence, claiming he had exploited a legal loophole rather than committed fraud. This sentencing marks a significant development in the ongoing investigation into cum-ex trading schemes, which have affected several European countries including Germany, Belgium, and Denmark[57]

Personal life

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Shah is married and has three children. In 2009, he moved to Dubai "after falling in love with the city".[13] His youngest son, Nikhil,[58] was diagnosed with autism in 2011.[13] After working with therapists and medical experts for three years, he decided to raise awareness about autism and in 2014 founded Autism Rocks in 2014.[59] The Centre shut down in February 2020 amidst the tax fraud probe against Shah.[4][5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "UAE extradites British trader Sanjay Shah to Denmark". 6 December 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Strasburg, Jenny; Duxbury, Charles (4 November 2015). "Danish Tax Probe Targets Small London Hedge Fund, Other Firms". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d "Troubled hedge fund Solo Capital shuts its doors". The Telegraph. 16 July 2016.
  4. ^ a b "Autism centre in Dubai shuts down due to 'tax fraud'". Uae – Gulf News. 6 February 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Autism Rocks Support Centre closes amid tax fraud probe". The National. 18 February 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  6. ^ "Frauderende oud-Rabobankier moet Denemarken 1,7 miljard dollar plus rente terugbetalen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 17 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  7. ^ Hyltoft, Vibe (16 August 2019). "Britisk whistleblower afslørede dansk udbyttesvindel". Berlingske Tidende.
  8. ^ "Netværk af finansfolk og storbanker har plyndret Danmark og store dele af Europa for milliarder". DR (in Danish). 18 October 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Milliarder fossede ud af statskassen: Ny model for refusion af udbytteskat klar". DR (in Danish). 18 May 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Denmark Confiscates Indian-Origin Tycoon's London Property Over Tax Fraud". NDTV.com. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  11. ^ "Danish prosecutors seize £15m London property over tax probe". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  12. ^ "British Hedge Fund Founder Jailed Over $1.3 Billion Tax Scam in Denmark". Bloomberg.com. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  13. ^ a b c d "In aid of autism". fridaymagazine.ae. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Uden for kontrol: Svindelmistænkte købte egen bank i august ("Fraud suspect bought his own bank in August")". DR News. 5 November 2015.
  15. ^ "Solo's silence is anything but golden". Financial Times. 4 November 2015.
  16. ^ "Danes Failed to Heed Cum-Ex Warnings Before Hedge Fund Trades". news.bloombergtax.com. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  17. ^ Mathiason, Margot Gibbs and Nick. "British Financier Under Investigation for Tax Fraud Owned $56 Million in Dubai Properties". OCCRP. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Denmark Can 'Draw Line' On Searches in Tax Fraud Case - Law360". law360.com. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  19. ^ a b "Politi i fire lande jagter Sanjay Shah ("Police in four countries are pursuing Sanjay Shah")". DR News. 11 December 2016.
  20. ^ "Ny opgørelse fra Skat: Vi er blevet snydt for 12,3 milliarder ("New review from the tax authorities: We were defrauded of 12.3 billion kroner")". TV2 News. 23 August 2016.
  21. ^ "Hedge fund boss in £1bn tax fraud inquiry". The Times. 15 April 2016.
  22. ^ "Svindelmistænkt har netværk af selskaber i alle afkroge af verden ("Suspect in fraud has web of companies throughout the world")". Berlingske Business. 27 November 2015.
  23. ^ a b "Skatteskandalen vokser: Belgien og Norge ramt af samme svindel som Danmark ("Tax case expands: Belgium and Norway hit by same fraud as Denmark")". DR News. 11 December 2016.
  24. ^ a b "Danmark er ikke alene om at blive fusket for milliarder ("Denmark not alone in being cheated for billions")". finans.dk. 11 December 2016.
  25. ^ a b c d "Der große Coup: Der milliardenschwere Steuerschwindel des Shah ("The big coup: The billion tax fraud by Shah")" (in German). Focus. 30 May 2017.
  26. ^ a b "Skatteetaten avslørte svindel for 350 millioner kroner ("Norwegian Tax Administration reveal fraud for 350 million kroner")" (in Norwegian). ABC Nyheter. 2 January 2017.
  27. ^ "US pension funds involved in billion kroner SKAT fraud". The Copenhagen Post. 9 December 2016.
  28. ^ "Tysk politi mistænker Sanjay Shah for hvidvask i dansk milliardsag ("German police suspect Sanjay Shah laundered money in Danish billion-case")". DR News. 12 December 2016.
  29. ^ "Politiet sigter to for svindel i sag om 12 milliarder ("Police charge two with fraud in 12 billion case")". TV2 News. 10 July 2017.
  30. ^ a b Advokater: Svindelmistænkte Sanjay Shah er ved at løbe tør for penge, finans.dk, 5 September 2018.
  31. ^ Where in the World Is Denmark's $2 Billion? by David Segal, 5 October 2018, The New York Times
  32. ^ U.S. Funds Agree to Pay Denmark $239 Million in Tax Fraud Case by Christian Weinberg, 29 May 2019, Bloombergtax
  33. ^ a b Bank erkender bedrageri mod Danmark, DR News, 24 September 2019.
  34. ^ Denmark fines German bank $16 million in dividend tax scam, Reuters, 23 September 2019
  35. ^ a b c Danmark har fået udleveret millioner af dokumenter om svindelmistænkte Sanjay Shah DR, 16 September 2019
  36. ^ "After $350 Million Lawyers' Bill, Denmark Steps Up Cum-Ex Chase". news.bloombergtax.com. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  37. ^ Willmroth, Jan (22 September 2019). "Schurken mit eigener Bank". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  38. ^ Udbytteskandalen: Shah skal retsforfølges i Danmark, DR News, 15 November 2019.
  39. ^ "Ekspert: Udlevering af mistænkt fra Dubai er næsten umulig ("Expert: Extradition from Dubai is almost impossible")". DR News. 27 November 2015.
  40. ^ Dubai resident fights Denmark over £1.5 bn tax fraud allegations 12 June 2019 The National (Abu Dhabi)
  41. ^ "Afsløring: Først efter fire år har politiet afhørt den mistænkte hovedmand i udbyttesag". Politiken (in Danish). 12 December 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  42. ^ Nick Webster (18 August 2020). "Dubai court dismisses Dh7.2bn tax fraud claims against Sanjay Shah". The National.
  43. ^ a b "Tiltale: To briter svindlede Danmark for mere end ni milliarder kroner". www.dr.dk. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  44. ^ Harley, Nicky (12 May 2021). "Judge condemns Denmark's pursuit of Dubai tycoon Sanjay Shah over alleged £1.5bn tax fraud". The National. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  45. ^ Harley, Nicky (28 February 2022). "Sanjay Shah: Denmark wins UK court appeal over Dubai trader's alleged tax fraud". The National. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  46. ^ "Sanjay Shah anholdt i Dubai – kræves udleveret til Danmark - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 3 June 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  47. ^ "Manglende danske dokumenter får dommer til at afvise udlevering af Shah". DR (in Danish). 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  48. ^ "Advokat: Formodet milliardsvindler skal ikke udleveres til Danmark". DR (in Danish). 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  49. ^ "UAE court orders cum-ex suspects to return $1.1 bln to Denmark". Reuters. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  50. ^ "British Trader Pleads Guilty to Tax Scandal Charges in Denmark". Bloomberg.com. 29 February 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  51. ^ "Sanjay Shah udleveres til Danmark - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  52. ^ "Sanjay Shah skal i grundlovsforhør - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  53. ^ "British hedge fund trader goes on trial in Denmark accused of £1bn fraud". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 11 March 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  54. ^ Carlsson, Isabelle (20 September 2024). "Denmark's prosecutor seeks maximum 12-year prison sentence for tax fraud suspect Sanjay Shah". Reuters. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  55. ^ "Danish court sentences British hedge fund trader to 12 years over massive tax fraud". Associated Press. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  56. ^ "British trader found guilty of £1bn fraud". BBC News. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  57. ^ "British trader found guilty of £1bn fraud". BBC News. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  58. ^ "Sanjay Shah's tips to make schooling easier for children with autism". Autism Hub. 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  59. ^ "AUTISM ROCKS: Raising 'Awareness through Music' around the World. VELVET Magazine". 7 May 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
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