The SS Puerto Rican, was an American-flagged tanker disabled by an explosion on October 31, 1984. The 20,295 GRT, 632 ft (192.6 m), tanker was owned by Bankers Trust Company and operated by Keystone Shipping Co. of Philadelphia which burned in an explosion with the stern section sinking just hours after leaving San Francisco bound for New Orleans with a cargo of 91,984 barrels of lubricating oil and additives. In addition to the cargo the ship was fueled with 8,500 barrels of Heavy Fuel Oil (Bunker C) before departure.[2]
 SS Puerto Rican under tow October 31, 1984, approximately 15.5 miles southwest of Point Bonita. US Coast Guard Photo. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | Puerto Rican[1] |
| Owner | Bankers Trust Company[1][2] |
| Operator | Keystone Shipping[2] |
| Port of registry | New York, NY[2] |
| Builder | Bethlehem Steel Company, Sparrows Point, Maryland[1] |
| Yard number | 4633[1] |
| Launched | March 19, 1971 |
| Completed | October 8, 1971 (delivery)[3] |
| Identification | Official number: 535000[1] |
| Notes | Ship chartered to PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA[2] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | LPG Super tanker[1] |
| Tonnage | 20,295 GRT, 34,400 DWT[1] |
| Length | 632 ft (192.6 m)[2] |
| Beam | 90 ft (27.4 m)[2] |
| Depth | 48 ft (14.6 m)[2] |
| Installed power | Oil-fired steam[2] |
The ship had departed just after midnight and was in the process of disembarking the pilot at 3:24 a.m. when an explosion occurred near the No. 6 center-independent tank blowing the pilot Captain James S. Nolan and two crew members into the water. The pilot boat San Francisco rescued the pilot and one of the two crew members.[2]
The incident
editThe ship was eight miles off the Golden Gate bridge on October 31, 1984, at 3:24 a.m., when she was torn by a very large double explosion just forward of her deck house. A 100-foot section of deck, the whole width of the vessel, was thrown up and then back down forward on the deck in front of it, as flames shot hundreds of feet in the air.
Loss of life, Coast Guard response, partial sinking
editA bar pilot, the third mate, and a crew member were thrown into the sea. The pilot boat San Francisco rescued the badly injured pilot and mate, but the crewman was lost. As fire raged onboard, the Coast Guard towed the crippled ship further out to sea, to keep her from breaking up and dumping her cargo near San Francisco Bay. On November 1, a storm passed through the area, battering the Puerto Rican with 35-mile-per-hour winds and 16-foot-high seas. That evening, after 32 hours of effort, navy fireboats finally extinguished the fire. On November 3, 30 miles southwest of the Golden Gate, she broke up, her stern section sinking to a depth of 1500 feet within the boundaries of the Gulf of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. Over a million and a quarter gallons of refined petroleum products, about one-third of Puerto Rican's cargo, went into the water.
Suspicion of bombing and subsequent investigation
editIn the days after the explosion, there were intimations in the media of sabotage linked to a labor dispute.[4] The vessel had been picketed in a Bay Area port and some of its crew harassed by maritime union pickets.[5] The FBI intervened, but it was quickly determined that no point source explosion had occurred. Later it was found that the explosion probably resulted from holes in tank compartment bulkheads that allowed caustic soda to mix with zinc, forming deadly hydrogen gas that then exploded. A Coast Guard board of investigation attributed this to the negligence of the ship's officers on the inbound voyage from Long Beach. But no cause of the explosion could be established with certainty.[5]
Oil spill impact
editThe environmental impact was significant. In addition to the initial spill, the sunken stern section continued to discharge heavy bunker oil – as much as 8,000 barrels – for months and possibly years afterwards. An estimated 4,815 seabirds were killed by oiling as a result of this spill; another 1,368 were recovered.[6][7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Maritime Administration. "Puerto Rican". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Screening Level Risk Assessment Package Puerto Rican (PDF) (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. March 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- ^ Colton, Tim (October 5, 2014). "Bethlehem Steel Company, Sparrows Point MD". ShipbuildingHistory. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "(None given, dead link)". New York Times. November 1, 1984. p. 1.
- ^ a b Marine Casualty Report—Tankship Puerto Rican—O.N. 535000 (PDF) (Report). United States Coast Guard. June 15, 1985. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ Carter, Harry R. (April 15, 2003). "Oil and California's Seabirds: An Overview" (PDF). Marine Ornithology. 31 (1). Pacific Seabird Group: 7 (Table 1). Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- ^ Glionna, John M. (February 1, 2002). "Clues to decade-old oil-spill puzzle may lie on ocean floor off San Francisco". Seattle Times. p. 1. Retrieved 27 June 2019.