Wikipedia

SS Melita

Not to be confused with SS Melika.

SS Melita was one of a pair of transatlantic steam ocean liners that were built in the United Kingdom, launched in 1917 and operated by Canadian Pacific until 1935. Her sister ship was Minnedosa.

History
Name
  • 1917: Melita
  • 1935: Liguria
Namesake1935: Liguria
Owner
Operator
Port of registry
BuilderBarclay, Curle & Co & Harland & Wolff
Yard number517, 463
Laid down1913
Launched21 April 1917
Completed12 January 1918
Maiden voyageLiverpool to St John, NB
Reclassified1935: troop ship
Refit1925: Palmers, Jarrow
Identification
FateSunk 1940, raised 1941, scrapped 1950
General characteristics
TypeOcean liner
Tonnage
  • 1918: 13,967 GRT, 8,526 NRT
  • 1927: 15,183 GRT, 9,973 NRT
Length520 ft (160 m)
Beam67.2 ft (20.5 m)
Draught340 ft 4 in (103.73 m)
Depth50.3 ft (15.3 m)
Decks3
Propulsion
Speed16+1⁄2 knots (30.6 km/h)
Capacity
Notessister ship: Minnedosa

In 1935 Flotte Riuniti Cosulich-Lloyd Sabaudo obtained both ships, renamed them, and converted them into troop ships for the Italian government. Melita was renamed Liguria, and in 1936 passed to Lloyd Triestino.

In 1940 a British aircraft torpedoed Liguria in the Mediterranean. In 1941 Italian forces scuttled her at Tobruk. Her wreck was raised, and in 1950 it was scrapped.

Building

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In 1913 Hamburg America Line ordered a pair of liners from Barclay, Curle & Co. During that war Canadian Pacific (CP) bought the two partly built ships and had them completed[1] to its specification.[2]

Barclay, Curle & Co built Melita in Glasgow as yard number 517 and launched her on 24 April 1917.[3] She was then towed to Belfast where Harland & Wolff installed her engines. Her Harland & Wolff yard number was 463.[1]

Melita had three screws. A pair of four-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines drove her port and starboard screws. Exhaust steam from their low-pressure cylinders powered a low-pressure steam turbine that drove her middle screw.[4] Between them the three engines gave her a top speed of 16+1⁄2 knots (30.6 km/h)[5] and cruising speed of 15 knots (28 km/h).[1]

Melita's registered length was 520 ft (160 m), her beam was 67.2 ft (20.5 m) and her depth was 50.3 ft (15.3 m).[4] Her holds included 37,460 cubic feet (1,061 m3) of refrigerated space.[6] As built, her tonnages were 13,967 GRT and 8,526 NRT.[7]

Just before the First World War, CP was developing the idea of cabin class to replace both first and second class. Accordingly it had Melita and Minnedosa fitted out with only two classes of passenger accommodation.[2] Melita had berths for 550 passengers in cabin class and 1,200 in third class.[1]

UK service

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CP took delivery of Melita on 12 January 1918. Her maiden voyage was from Liverpool to St John, New Brunswick, but her regular route was between Liverpool and New York.

By the summer of 1918, Melita was pressed into service as a troop transport ship in WWI, carrying men from New York for service in Europe.[8] After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 she was engaged in transporting American and Canadian troops back from France.[9] [10] During the war Melita transported 12,583 troops and passengers in war service. [8][9] All together the ships of the Canadian Pacific line transported over one million troops and passengers and carried over four million tons of cargo and munitions.[11]

In 1919 the UK Government chartered her for one voyage from Glasgow to Bombay.[1]

In 1920 Melita was overhauled in Antwerp. From 1922 to 1927 her route was between Antwerp and St John[1] via Southampton.[12] In 1925 Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company refitted her in Jarrow.[1] The refit increased her tonnages to 15,183 GRT and 9,973 NRT.[13]

In 1927 CP put Melita on its route between Britain, Quebec and Montreal. In 1932 Melita made her final transatlantic crossing, which was from Liverpool, Belfast and Greenock to Halifax, Nova Scotia and St John. She had crossed the North Atlantic 146 times.[1]

From 1932 Melita was laid up, but then CP then used her to run a series of cruises from Glasgow.[14] In 1935 CP sold Melita and Minnedosa to breakers in Italy.[15]

Murder of Captain Clews

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In the early hours of 21 October 1925 Melita was in port in Antwerp when her Chief Officer, Thomas Towers, shot dead her Master, AH Clews, as the latter slept in his cabin. Towers also shot the Assistant Chief Engineer, David Gilmour, in the head, but without killing him. Other officers then overpowered Towers, but in the struggle he twice shot the Second Engineer, John Holliday, in the chest.[16] Towers tried to shoot himself in the head, but failed.[17]

Belgian police arrested Towers, who blamed Clews and others for "trying to wreck his career". The police then put him back aboard to be surrendered to British police. Gilmour and Holliday were initially treated in hospital in Antwerp, where one of the bullets was removed from Holliday's lung.[16] The next day Melita reached Southampton, where a police launch put a surgeon aboard to treat Gilmour and Holliday, and Towers was removed under arrest.[18]

Captain Clews was the nephew of the banker Henry Clews (1834–1923).[16] Towers was found insane and detained at His Majesty's pleasure in Broadmoor Hospital.[17]


Italian service

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The sale contract specified that the two ships must be broken up.[19] This clause was breached when the pair were passed to Flotte Riuniti Cosulich-Lloyd Sabaudo, who had them refitted as troop ships for the Italian Government.[20] Melita was renamed Liguria.[1][3] In 1936 she was transferred to Lloyd Triestino.[21]

On 5 July 1940 a British aircraft torpedoed Melita in the Mediterranean, but she stayed afloat and reached port in Tobruk. When British and Australian forces captured Tobruk the retreating Italians scuttled Melita in the approach to Tobruk harbour on 22 January 1941.[3]

Melita was later refloated.[1] In 1950 her wreck was towed to Savona, where she arrived on 31 August to be scrapped.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Melita". Harland and Wolff. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b Wilson 1956, p. 36.
  3. ^ a b c d "Melita". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 1930. Retrieved 28 February 2021 – via Southampton City Council.
  5. ^ Harnack 1930, p. 344.
  6. ^ "List of vessels fitted with refrigerating appliances". Lloyd's Register (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 1930. Retrieved 28 February 2021 – via Southampton City Council.
  7. ^ Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen (1918). Mercantile Navy List. Board of Trade. p. 373. Retrieved 1 March 2021 – via Crew List Index Project.
  8. ^ a b Lists of Outgoing Passengers, 1917-1938. Textual records. 255 Boxes. NAID: 6234477. Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, 1774-1985, Record Group 92. The National Archives at College Park, Maryland.
  9. ^ a b Lists of Incoming Passengers, 1917-1938. Textual records, 360 Boxes. NAID: 6234465. Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, 1774-1985, Record Group 92. The National Archives at College Park, Maryland.
  10. ^ "Melita Docks with Many Toronto Heros". The Toronto Star. 18 December 1918. p. 2.
  11. ^ "Armed Canadian Ships Which Did Great Work Had Thrilling Adventures In The Seven Seas". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 16 February 1919. p. 28.
  12. ^ Wilson 1956, p. 40.
  13. ^ Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen (1927). Mercantile Navy List. Board of Trade. p. 351. Retrieved 1 March 2021 – via Crew List Index Project.
  14. ^ Wilson 1956, p. 208.
  15. ^ "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 1934. Retrieved 28 February 2021 – via Southampton City Council.
  16. ^ a b c Associated Press (22 October 1925). "Capt. Clews, Late Banker's Nephew, Is Slain By Mate on Liner at Antwerp; 2 Others Shot". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  17. ^ a b Avery, John. "The Murder on S.S. Melita". John Avery Heritage. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  18. ^ "Southampton, Oct. 22". The New York Times. Associated Press. 23 October 1925. p. 16. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  19. ^ Wilson 1956, p. 196.
  20. ^ "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 1935. Retrieved 28 February 2021 – via Southampton City Council.
  21. ^ "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 1936. Retrieved 28 February 2021 – via Southampton City Council.

Bibliography

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  • Harnack, Edwin P (1930) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (3rd ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
  • Wilson, RM (1956). The Big Ships. London: Cassell & Co.
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  • Baber, Mark; Newman, Jeff. "Melita". Great Ships. – historic photographs of Melita in Canadian Pacific service
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