Strelets (Russian: Стрелец) is an Uragan-class monitor built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the mid-1860s. The design was based on the American Passaic-class monitor, but was modified to suit Russian engines, guns and construction techniques. Spending her entire career with the Baltic Fleet, the ship was only active when the Gulf of Finland was not frozen, but very little is known about her service. She was struck from the Navy List in 1900, converted into a floating workshop the following year and renamed Plavmasterskaia No. 1. The ship served as such through 1955. The ship was identified as still afloat in St. Petersburg, Russia in 2015, and attempts are being made by the Foundation for Historic Boats and the Russian Central Military History Museum to restore her.
 Strelets after the late 1870s
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Russian Empire | |
| Name | Strelets (Стрелец) |
| Namesake | Musketeer |
| Ordered | 23 March 1863[Note 1] |
| Builder | Galernyi Island Shipyard, Saint Petersburg |
| Cost | 1,141,800 rubles |
| Laid down | 1 December 1863 |
| Launched | 2 June 1864 |
| In service | 1865 |
| Out of service | 6 July 1900 |
| Renamed | Plavmasterskaia No. 1, 1901 |
| Reclassified | As coastal defense ship, 13 February 1892 |
| Stricken | 17 August 1900 |
| Fate | Converted into a floating workshop, 1901, extant at St. Petersburg, Russia as of 2015 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Uragan-class monitor |
| Displacement | 1,500–1,600 long tons (1,524–1,626 t) |
| Length | 201 ft (61.3 m) |
| Beam | 46 ft (14.0 m) |
| Draft | 10.16–10.84 ft (3.1–3.3 m) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion | 1 shaft, 1 × 2-cylinder direct-acting steam engine |
| Speed | 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) |
| Range | 1,440 nmi (2,670 km; 1,660 mi) at 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) |
| Complement | 96–110 |
| Armament |
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| Armor |
|
Description
editStrelets was 201 feet (61.3 m) long overall, with a beam of 46 feet (14.0 m) and a draft of 10.16–10.84 feet (3.1–3.3 m). She displaced 1,500–1,600 long tons (1,500–1,600 t), and her crew numbered 8 officers and 88 enlisted men in 1865. They numbered 10 officers and 100 crewmen in 1877.[1]
The ship was fitted with a two-cylinder, horizontal direct-acting steam engine[1] built by the Baird Works of Saint Petersburg. It drove a single propeller[2] using steam that was provided by two rectangular boilers.[3] Specific information on the output of the ship's engine has not survived, but it ranged between 340–500 indicated horsepower (254–373 kW) for all the ships of this class. During Strelets's sea trials on 16 July 1865, she reached a maximum speed of 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph). The ship carried a maximum of 190 long tons (190 t) of coal, which gave her a theoretical endurance of 1,440 nmi (2,670 km; 1,660 mi) at full speed.[4]
Strelets was designed to be armed with a pair of 9-inch (229 mm) smoothbore muzzle-loading guns purchased from Krupp of Germany and rifled in Russia, but the rifling project was seriously delayed and the ship was completed with nine-inch smoothbores. These lacked the penetration power necessary to deal with ironclads and they were replaced by license-built 15-inch (380 mm) smoothbore muzzle-loading Rodman guns in 1867–68. The Rodmans were replaced around 1876 with the originally intended nine-inch rifled guns.[5]
All of the wrought-iron armor that was used in the Uragan-class monitors was in 1-inch (25 mm) plates, just as in the Passaic-class ships. The side of the ship was entirely covered with three to five layers of armor plates, of which the three innermost plates extended 42 inches (1.1 m) below the waterline. The gun turret was protected by eleven layers of armor and the pilothouse above it had eight layers of armor. Curved plates six layers thick protected the base of the funnel up to a height of 7 feet (2.1 m) above the deck. Unlike their predecessors, the Uragans were built without deck armor to save weight, but Strelets was modified for the addition of 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) armor plates after completion, but it is unknown if they were ever fitted. They were, however, manufactured and then placed in storage.[6]
Construction and career
editConstruction of the ship began on 13 June 1863 by S. G. Kudriavtsev at the state-owned Galeryni Island Shipyard in Saint Petersburg. Strelets, the Russian word for musketeer, was laid down on 1 December 1863 and she was launched on 2 June 1864. She entered service on 27 July 1865 and cost a total of 1,141,800 rubles, almost double her contract cost of 600,000 rubles. The ship was assigned to the Baltic Fleet upon completion and she, and all of her sister ships except Latnik, made a port visit to Stockholm, Sweden in July–August 1865 while under the command of General Admiral Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich.[7] She was present when the American warships Miantonomoh and Augusta visited Kronstadt in July–August 1866.[8]
Sometime after Strelets was completed, an armored ring, 5 inches (127 mm) thick and 15 inches (381 mm) tall, was fitted around the base of the turret to prevent splinters from jamming it. Later, an armored, outward-curving bulwark was fitted around the top of the turret to protect any crewmen there. Three sponsons were later added, probably during the 1870s, to the upper portion of the turret. Each sponson, one above the gun ports and one on each side of the turret, mounted a light gun, probably a 1.75-inch (44 mm) Engstrem gun, for defense against torpedo boats. A fourth gun was mounted on a platform aft of the funnel when a hurricane deck was built between the funnel and the turret, also probably during the 1870s.[9]
Little is known about the ship's career other than that she was laid up each winter when the Gulf of Finland froze.[10] On 21 July 1875, the monitor Admiral Chichagov ran aground and Strelets was sent to aid her the following day. While assisting with the rigging of a hawser between Admiral Chichagov and the armored frigate Sevastopol, it unexpectedly slid across Strelets's deck, injuring the ship's executive officer and a bosun, who later died of his wounds. Coal and equipment from Admiral Chichagov was transferred to Strelets to lighten the former, but it was not enough to refloat her.[11]
Strelets was reclassified as a coast-defense ironclad on 13 February 1892 and turned over to the Port of Kronstadt for disposal on 6 July 1900, although she was not stricken until 17 August. The ship was converted into a floating workshop the next year and renamed Plavmasterskaia No. 1. She remained in service through the end of 1955.[12] Strelets was discovered intact at St. Petersburg, Russia in 2015.[13]
Notes
editFootnotes
edit- ^ a b McLaughlin 2012, p. 103
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, pp. 106–07
- ^ Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 175
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, p. 107
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, pp. 104–05
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, pp. 105–06
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, pp. 100, 104, 109
- ^ Russian Account of the Official Mission to Russia of Hon. G. V. Fox. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office. 1867. p. 8.
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, p. 108
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, p. 109
- ^ McLaughlin 2014, pp. 124–25
- ^ McLaughlin 2012, pp. 109–10
- ^ Warship Wednesday, June 21, 2017: The Tsar’s everlasting musketeer
References
edit- Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
- McLaughlin, Stephen (2012). "Russia's American Monitors: The Uragan Class". In John Jordan (ed.). Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 98–112. ISBN 978-1-84486-156-9.
- McLaughlin, Stephen (2014). "The Turret Frigates of the Admiral Lazarev and Admiral Spiridov Classes". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2014. London: Conway. pp. 112–28. ISBN 978-1-84486-236-8.