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Lists of rulers of Madagascar

(Redirected from Rulers of Madagascar)

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Madagascar.

Kingdom of Imerina

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Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs[1] that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Kingdom of Merina:

References

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  1. ^ Review: Economic History of the Merina Empire on JSTOR.” www.jstor.org. JSTOR

Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)

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NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Radama I
  • the Great
1793 – 27 July 1828
(aged 35)		6 July 181027 July 1828Son of AndrianampoinimerinaMerina 
Ranavalona I1778 – 16 August 1861
(aged 83)		1 August 182816 August 1861Wife of Radama IMerina 
Radama II(1829-09-23)23 September 1829 – 12 May 1863(1863-05-12) (aged 33)16 August 186112 May 1863
(murdered)		Son of Ranavalona IMerina 
Rasoherina1814 – 1 April 1868
(aged 54)		12 May 18631 April 1868Wife of Radama IIMerina 
Ranavalona II1829 – 13 July 1883
(aged 54)		1 April 186813 July 1883Wife of Radama IIMerina 
Ranavalona III(1861-11-22)22 November 1861 – 23 May 1917(1917-05-23) (aged 55)30 July 188328 February 1897
(deposed)		Niece of Ranavalona IIMerina 

After the fall

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Niece and heir apparent of the Queen Ranavalona III, Marie-Louise, in 1900

After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar, remained. She died childless in 1948 Protectorate

French Madagascar

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Nº Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of Office Political Party
Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897)
1 Jules Grévy(1807–1891) 1882 2 December 1887 Independent politician
2 Maurice Rouvier

(1842–1811)

2 December 1887 3 December 1887 Independent
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958)
3   Marie François Sadi Carnot

(1837–1894)

3 December 1887 25 June 1894† Opportunist Republican
4 Charles Dupuy

(1851–1923)

25 June 1894 27 June 1894 Independent
5   Jean Casimir-Perier

(1847–1907)

27 June 1894 16 January 1895 Opportunist Republican
— Charles Dupuy

(1851–1923)

16 January 1895 17 January 1895 Independent
6   Félix Faure

(1841–1899)

17 January 1895 16 February 1899† Opportunist Republican;

Progressive Republican

— Charles Dupuy

(1851–1923)

16 February 1899 18 February 1899 Independent
7   Émile Loubet

(1838–1929)

18 February 1899 18 February 1906 Democratic Republican Alliance
8   Armand Fallières

(1841–1931)

18 February 1906 18 February 1913 Democratic Republican Party
9   Raymond Poincaré

(1860–1934)

18 February 1913 18 February 1920 Democratic Republican Party
10   Paul Deschanel

(1855–1922)

18 February 1920 21 September 1920 Democratic Republican and Social Party
11   Alexandre Millerand

(1859–1943)

21 September 1920 11 June 1924 Independent
12 Frédéric François-Marsal

(1874–1958)

11 June 1924 13 June 1924 Independent
13   Gaston Doumergue

(1863–1937)

13 June 1924 13 June 1931 Radical-Socialist Party
14   Paul Doumer

(1857–1932)

13 June 1931 7 May 1932† Radical-Socialist Party
15 André Tardieu

(1876–1945)

7 May 1932 10 May 1932 Independent
16   Albert Lebrun

(1871–1950)

10 May 1932 11 July 1940

(de facto)

Democratic Alliance

French State (1940–1944)

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Chief of State

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  Vichy collaborationist

Nº Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of Office Political Party
17   Philippe Pétain

(1856–1951)

11 July 1940 19 August 1944 Independent

Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946

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Portrait Chairman Took office Left office Time in office Party
Charles de Gaulle
(1890–1970)		3 June 194426 January 19461 year, 268 days Independent
Félix Gouin
(1884–1977)		26 January 194624 June 1946118 days SFIO
Georges Bidault
(1899–1983)		24 June 194628 November 1946188 days MRP
Vincent Auriol
(1884–1966)		28 November 194616 December 194618 days
(interim)		 SFIO
Léon Blum
(1872–1950)		16 December 194622 January 194737 days SFIO

French Fourth Republic (1946–1958)

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Presidents

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Nº Portrait Name Term of Office;

Electoral mandates

Political Party
16   Vincent Auriol

(1884–1966)

16 January 1947 16 January 1954 French Section of the Workers' International
17 René Coty

(1882–1962)

16 January 1954 8 January 1959 National Centre of Independents and Peasants

French Madagascar (1958–1959)

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Presidents

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Political Party:

Nº Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Term of Office;

Electoral mandates

Political Party
18 Charles de Gaulle

(1890–1970)

8 January 1959 26 June

1960

Union for the New Republic

(renamed Union of Democrats for the Fifth Republic in 1967)

List of rulers of French Madagascar

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Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897)

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Main article: First Madagascar expedition
Incumbent Tenure
Léon Frédéric Hubert Metzinger      1 May 1895 — 6 May 1895
Jacques Charles René Achille Duchesne 6 May 1895 —

1895

Émile Jean François Régis Voyron 1895 — 1895
Joseph Simon Gallieni 1895 — 1886
Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary 28 April 1886 to March 1888
Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General March 1888 to 12 December 1889
Maurice Bompard, Resident-General 12 December 1889 to 11 October 1891
Jean Aurélien Lacoste, Acting Resident-General 11 October 1891 to October 1892
Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General October 1892 to 8 September 1894
Albert d'Anthouard de Waservas, Acting Resident-General October 1894
Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary 14 October 1894 to 1 December 1895
Achille Ranchot, Acting Resident-General September 1894 to 21 February 1895
Robert Édouard Alphonse Chaloin, Acting Resident-General February 1895 to 1 December 1895
Hippolyte Laroche, Resident-General 1 December 1895 to 28 September 1896
Joseph Gallieni, Resident-General 28 September 1896 to 31 July 1897

Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958)

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Main article: Second Madagascar expedition
Incumbent Tenure
Joseph Gallieni, Military Governor (6 Aug. 1896 to 31 Jul. 1897) then Governor-General (31 Jul. 1897 to 11 May 1905) 6 August 1896 to 11 May 1905
Charles Louis Lépreux, Acting Governor-General 11 May 1905 to 1 January 1906
Victor Augagneur, Governor-General 1 January 1906 to 13 December 1909
Hubert Auguste Garbit, Acting Governor-General 13 December 1909 to 16 January 1910
Henri François Charles Cor, Acting Governor-General 16 January 1910 to 31 October 1910
Albert Jean George Marie Louis Picquié, Governor-General 31 October 1910 to 5 August 1914
Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General 5 August 1914 to 24 July 1917
Martial Henri Merlin, Governor-General 24 July 1917 to 1 August 1918
Abraham Schrameck, Governor-General 1 August 1918 to 12 July 1919
Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon, Acting Governor-General 12 July 1919 to 22 June 1920
Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General 22 June 1920 to 13 March 1923
Auguste Charles Désiré Emmanuel Brunet, Acting Governor-General 13 March 1923 to 20 February 1924
Marcel Achille Olivier, Governor-General 20 February 1924 to 30 January 1929
Hugues Jean Berthier, Acting Governor-General 30 January 1929 to 1 May 1930
Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General 1 May 1930 to 22 April 1939
Léon Maurice Valentin Réallon, Acting Governor-General 22 April 1939 to 10 June 1939
Jules Marcel de Coppet, Governor-General 10 June 1939 to 30 July 1940
Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General 30 July 1940 to 11 April 1941
Armand Léon Annet, Governor-General 11 April 1941 to 30 September 1942
Robert Grice Sturges, Commander 5 May 1942 to 11 October 1942
Gerald Russell Smallwood, Commander 11 October 1942 to 1945
Anthony Sillery, Occupied Territories Administrator 25 September 1942 to 7 January 1943
Victor Marius Bech, Acting Governor-General 30 September 1942 to 7 January 1943
Paul Louis Victor Marie Legentilhomme, High Commissioner of Free French Possessions in the Indian Ocean 7 January 1943 to 3 May 1943
Pierre de Saint-Mart, Governor-General 3 May 1943 to 27 March 1946
Robert Boudry, Acting Governor-General 27 March 1946 to 19 May 1946
Jules Marcel de Coppet, High Commissioner 19 May 1946 to 23 December 1947
Pierre Gabriel de Chevigné, High Commissioner February 1948 to 3 February 1950
Robert Isaac Bargues, High Commissioner 3 February 1950 to October 1954
Jean Louis Marie André Soucadaux, High Commissioner October 1954 to 1 May 1959

List of officeholders

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(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

No. Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)

Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office
Malagasy Republic (within the French Community)
1   Philibert Tsiranana

(1912–1978)

— 1 May 1959 26 June 1960 PSD
Malagasy Republic (independent country)
(1)   Philibert Tsiranana

(1912–1978)

1965

1972

26 June 1960 11 October 1972

(resigned.)

PSD
2 André Resampa

(1924 — 1993)

26 June 1970 2 July 1970 Independent
3 Alfred Ramangasoavina

( 1917 — 1989)

2 July 1970 21 July 1970 Independent
4 Philibert Raondry

( 1899 — 1990)

21 July 1970 23 July 1970 Independent
5 Jacques Rabemananjara

(1913 — 2005)

23 July 1970 25 July 1970 Independent
6 Calvin Tsiebo

( 1902 — 2008)

5 October 1970 7 October 1970 Independent
7 Victor Miadana

( 1920— 2002)

7 October 1970 9 October 1970 Independent
8 Eugène Lechat

( 1929 — 1998)

9 October 1970 11 October 1970 Independent
1 Philibert Tsiranana

( 1912 — 1978)

11 October 1970 11 October 1972 Independent
9   Gabriel Ramanantsoa

(1906–1979)

1972

(referendum)

11 October 1972 5 February 1975

(resigned.)

Military
10   Richard Ratsimandrava

(1931–1975)

— 5 February 1975 11 February 1975

(assassinated.)

Military
11   Gilles Andriamahazo

(1919–1989)

— 12 February 1975 15 June 1975 Military
12   Didier Ratsiraka

(1936–)

— 15 June 1975 30 December 1975 Military
12   Didier Ratsiraka

(1936–)

1982

1989

30 December 1975 12 January 1992 Military /

AREMA

Third Republic of Madagascar
(12)   Didier Ratsiraka

(1936–)

— 12 January 1992 27 March 1993 AREMA
13   Albert Zafy

(1927–2017)

1992–93 27 March 1993 5 September 1996

(resigned.)

UNDD
14   Norbert Ratsirahonana

(1938–)

— 5 September 1996 9 February 1997 AVI
(12)   Didier Ratsiraka

(1936–)

1996 9 February 1997 (25 February 2002)

15 July 2002

AREMA
15   Marc Ravalomanana

(1949–)

2001

2006

(22 February 2002)

15 July 2002

17 March 2009

(deposed.)

TIM
16   Hyppolite Ramaroson

(1951–)

— 17 March 2009 Military
High Transitional Authority
17   Andry Rajoelina
(born 1974) 		— (7 February 2009)
17 March 2009 		25 January 2014 TGV
Fourth Republic of Madagascar
18   Hery Rajaonarimampianina
(born 1958) 		2013 25 January 2014 7 September 2018 HVM
19   Rivo Rakotovao
(born 1960) 		— 7 September 2018 19 January 2019 HVM
17   Andry Rajoelina
(born 1974) 		2018 19 January 2019 9 September 2023 TGV
20   Herimanana Razafimahefa
(born 1957) 		— 9 September 2023 9 September 2023 TGV
21   Council of Ministers
Prime Minister:
Christian Ntsay
(born 1961) 		— 9 September 2023 27 October 2023 Independent
22   Richard Ravalomanana
(born 1959) 		— 27 October 2023 16 December 2023 Independent
17   Andry Rajoelina
(born 1974) 		2023 16 December 2023 Incumbent TGV

First ladies of Madagascar

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Name Portrait Term Began Term Ended President of Madagascar
Justine Tsiranana   June 26, 1960 October 11, 1972 Philibert Tsiranana
Marcelle Larguier October 11, 1972 February 5, 1975 Gabriel Ramanantsoa
Thérèse Ratsimandrava February 5, 1975 February 11, 1975 Richard Ratsimandrava
Unknown February 12, 1975 June 15, 1975 Gilles Andriamahazo
Céline Ratsiraka June 15, 1975 March 27, 1993 Didier Ratsiraka
Thérèse Zafy March 27, 1993 September 5, 1996 Albert Zafy
Sahondra Rakotondravaly Ratsirahonana September 5, 1996 February 9, 1997 Norbert Ratsirahonana
Céline Ratsiraka February 9, 1997 May 6, 2002 Didier Ratsiraka
Lalao Ravalomanana   May 6, 2002 March 17, 2009 Marc Ravalomanana
Mialy Rajoelina   March 17, 2009 January 25, 2014 Andry Rajoelina
Voahangy Rajaonarimampianina   January 25, 2014 September 7, 2018 Hery Rajaonarimampianina
Vacant September 7, 2018 January 19, 2019 Rivo Rakotovao (acting)
Mialy Rajoelina   January 19, 2019 September 9, 2023 Andry Rajoelina
Vacant September 9, 2023 December 16, 2023 Christian Ntsay (acting)
Richard Ravalomanana (acting)
Mialy Rajoelina   December 16, 2023 Incumbent Andry Rajoelina

vice president

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The vice president of Madagascar was a political position in Madagascar during the era of Malagasy Republic.

Position Name Took office Left office President Notes
Vice President Philibert Raondry May 1959 June 1960 Philibert Tsiranana
Vice President Calvin Tsiebo June 1960 October 1970 Philibert Tsiranana
1st Vice President André Resampa October 1970 February 1971 Philibert Tsiranana
1st Vice President Calvin Tsiebo February 1971 October 1972 Philibert Tsiranana
2nd Vice President Jacques Rabemananjara February 1971 May 1972 Philibert Tsiranana
3rd Vice President Victor Miadana February 1971 May 1972 Philibert Tsiranana
4th Vice President Alfred Ramangasoavina February 1971 May 1972 Philibert Tsiranana
5th Vice President Eugène Lechat February 1971 May 1972 Philibert Tsiranana

List

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No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party
Took office Left office
Merina Kingdom
1   Andriamihaja
(died 1833) 		1828 1833 Independent
2   Rainiharo
(died 1852) 		1833 10 February 1852
(died in office.) 		Independent
3 Rainivoninahitriniony
(1821–1869) 		10 February 1852 14 July 1864
(deposed.) 		Independent
4 Rainilaiarivony
(1828–1896) 		1864 1895
Independent
5   Rainitsimbazafy 15 October 1895 September 1896
Independent
6   Rasanjy
(1851–1918) 		September 1896 February 1897 Independent
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political affiliation
Took office Left office
French Madagascar (within the French colonial empire and the French Union)
Post abolished (February 1897 – 27 May 1957)
7   Philibert Tsiranana
(1912–1978) 		27 May 1957 14 October 1958 PSD
Malagasy Republic (within the French Community)
(7)   Philibert Tsiranana
(1912–1978) 		14 October 1958 1 May 1959 PSD
Post abolished (1 May 1959 – 26 June 1960)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political affiliation
Took office Left office
Malagasy Republic (independent)
Post abolished (26 June 1960 – 18 May 1972)
8   Gabriel Ramanantsoa
(1906–1979) 		18 May 1972 5 February 1975
(resigned.) 		Military
Post abolished (5 February 1975 – 30 December 1975)
Democratic Republic of Madagascar
Post abolished (30 December 1975 – 11 January 1976)
9   Joël Rakotomalala
(1929–1976) 		11 January 1976 30 July 1976
(died in office.) 		AREMA
10   Justin Rakotoniaina
(1933–2001) 		12 August 1976 1 August 1977 AREMA
11   Désiré Rakotoarijaona
(born 1934) 		1 August 1977 12 February 1988 Military
12   Victor Ramahatra
(born 1945) 		12 February 1988 8 August 1991 Military
13   Guy Razanamasy
(1928–2011) 		8 August 1991 12 September 1991 AREMA
Third Republic of Madagascar
(13)   Guy Razanamasy
(1928–2011) 		12 September 1991 9 August 1993 AREMA
14   Francisque Ravony
(1942–2003) 		9 August 1993 30 October 1995 CSDDM
15   Emmanuel Rakotovahiny
(1938–2020) 		30 October 1995 28 May 1996 UNDD
16   Norbert Ratsirahonana
(born 1938) 		28 May 1996 21 February 1997 AVI
17   Pascal Rakotomavo
(1934–2010) 		21 February 1997 23 July 1998 AREMA
18   Tantely Andrianarivo
(1954–2023) 		23 July 1998 31 May 2002[a] AREMA
19   Jacques Sylla
(1946–2009) 		(26 February 2002)
27 May 2002 		20 January 2007 Independent
—   Jean-Jacques Rasolondraibe
(born 1947) 		31 May 2002 5 July 2002 AREMA
20   Charles Rabemananjara
(born 1947) 		20 January 2007 17 March 2009
(deposed.) 		TIM
High Transitional Authority
21   Monja Roindefo
(born 1965) 		(7 February 2009)
17 March 2009 		10 October 2009
(13 November 2009) 		Monima
22   Eugène Mangalaza
(born 1950) 		10 October 2009 18 December 2009 Independent
—   Cécile Manorohanta 18 December 2009 20 December 2009 TGV
23   Albert Camille Vital
(born 1952) 		20 December 2009 2 November 2011 Military
24   Omer Beriziky
(born 1950) 		2 November 2011 16 April 2014 LEADER-Fanilo
Fourth Republic of Madagascar
25   Roger Kolo
(born 1943) 		16 April 2014 17 January 2015 Independent
26   Jean Ravelonarivo
(born 1959) 		17 January 2015 10 April 2016 Independent
27   Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana
(born 1964) 		13 April 2016 6 June 2018 Independent
28   Christian Ntsay
(born 1961) 		6 June 2018 Incumbent Independent

Colonial Governors

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Tenure Incumbent Notes Portrait
Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897)
28 April 1886 to March 1888 Charles Le Myre de Vilers,
Plenipotentiary		 1st term
 
March 1888 to 12 December 1889 Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy,
Resident-General		 1st term
12 December 1889 to 11 October 1891 Maurice Bompard,
Resident-General
 
11 October 1891 to October 1892 Jean Aurélien Lacoste,
Acting Resident-General
October 1892 to 8 September 1894 Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy,
Resident-General		 2nd term
October 1894 Albert d'Anthouard de Waservas,
Acting Resident-General
14 October 1894 to 1 December 1895 Charles Le Myre de Vilers,
Plenipotentiary		 2nd time; served at the start of the Menalamba rebellion
 
September 1894 to 21 February 1895 Achille Ranchot,
Acting Resident-General		 For de Vilers
February 1895 to 1 December 1895 Robert Édouard Alphonse Chaloin,
Acting Resident-General		 For de Vilers
1 December 1895 to 28 September 1896 Hippolyte Laroche,
Resident-General
28 September 1896 to 31 July 1897 Joseph Gallieni,
Resident-General
 
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958)
6 August 1896 to 31 July 1897 Joseph Gallieni,
Military Governor
 
31 July 1897 to 11 May 1905 Joseph Gallieni,
Governor-General		 Served during the 1904–1905 uprising
11 May 1905 to 1 January 1906 Charles Louis Lépreux,
Acting Governor-General
1 January 1906 to 13 December 1909 Victor Augagneur,
Governor-General
 
13 December 1909 to 16 January 1910 Hubert Auguste Garbit,
Acting Governor-General		 1st term
 
16 January 1910 to 31 October 1910 Henri François Charles Cor,
Acting Governor-General
31 October 1910 to 5 August 1914 Albert Jean George Marie Louis Picquié,
Governor-General
 
5 August 1914 to 14 October 1914 Hubert Auguste Garbit,
Acting Governor-General		 2nd term
 
14 October 1914 to 24 July 1917 Hubert Auguste Garbit,
Governor-General
24 July 1917 to 1 August 1918 Martial Henri Merlin,
Governor-General
 
1 August 1918 to 12 July 1919 Abraham Schrameck,
Governor-General
 
12 July 1919 to 22 June 1920 Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon,
Acting Governor-General
22 June 1920 to 13 March 1923 Hubert Auguste Garbit,
Governor-General		 3rd term
 
13 March 1923 to 20 February 1924 Auguste Charles Désiré Emmanuel Brunet,
Acting Governor-General
 
20 February 1924 to 30 January 1929 Marcel Achille Olivier,
Governor-General
 
30 January 1929 to 1 May 1930 Hugues Jean Berthier,
Acting Governor-General
1 May 1930 to 22 April 1939 Léon Henri Charles Cayla,
Governor-General		 1st term
 
22 April 1939 to 10 June 1939 Léon Maurice Valentin Réallon,
Acting Governor-General
10 June 1939 to 30 July 1940 Jules Marcel de Coppet,
Governor-General		 1st term
30 July 1940 to 11 April 1941 Léon Henri Charles Cayla,
Governor-General		 2nd term
 
11 April 1941 to 30 September 1942 Armand Léon Annet,
Governor-General		 Deposed in the Battle of Madagascar
5 May 1942 to 11 October 1942 Robert Sturges,
Commander		 British occupation
 
11 October 1942 to 1945 Gerald Smallwood,
Commander
25 September 1942 to 7 January 1943 Anthony Sillery,
Occupied Territories Administrator
30 September 1942 to 7 January 1943 Victor Marius Bech,
Acting Governor-General
7 January 1943 to 3 May 1943 Paul Louis Victor Marie Legentilhomme,
High Commissioner of Free French Possessions in the Indian Ocean
3 May 1943 to 27 March 1946 Pierre de Saint-Mart,
Governor-General
27 March 1946 to 19 May 1946 Robert Boudry,
Acting Governor-General
19 May 1946 to 23 December 1947 Jules Marcel de Coppet,
High Commissioner		 2nd term; served at the start of the Malagasy Uprising
February 1948 to 3 February 1950 Pierre Gabriel de Chevigné,
High Commissioner
3 February 1950 to October 1954 Robert Isaac Bargues,
High Commissioner
October 1954 to 1 May 1959 Jean Louis Marie André Soucadaux,
High Commissioner

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Under house arrest by Ravalomanana from 27 May 2002.

References

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