This is a list of presidents of Madagascar, since the establishment of the office of President in 1959, during the Malagasy Republic.
| President of Madagascar | |
|---|---|
| Filohan'i Madagasikara (Malagasy) Président de Madagascar (French) | |
 Presidential Standard | |
 | |
| Style | President His Excellency |
| Status | Head of state |
| Residence | Iavoloha Palace |
| Term length | 5 years, renewable once |
| Inaugural holder | Philibert Tsiranana |
| Formation | 1 May 1959 |
Term limits
editAs of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Madagascar. The term limit has not been met by any president yet.[1]
List of officeholders
edit- Political parties
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
Malagasy Revolutionary Party (AREMA)
National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD)
I Love Madagascar (TIM)
Hery Vaovao ho an'i Madagasikara (HVM)
- Other factions
- Status
Denotes Acting President
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Prime minister(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Malagasy Republic (within the French Community) | ||||||||
| — | 
|
Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978) |
— | 1 May 1959 | 26 June 1960 | 1 year, 56 days | PSD | Position abolished |
| Malagasy Republic (independent country) | ||||||||
| 1 |
|
Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978) |
1965 1972 |
26 June 1960 | 11 October 1972 (resigned.)[a] |
12 years, 107 days | PSD | Ramanantsoa |
| 2 | 
|
Gabriel Ramanantsoa (1906–1979)[b] |
1972 (referendum) |
11 October 1972 | 5 February 1975 (resigned.) |
2 years, 117 days | Military | Himself |
| — | 
|
Richard Ratsimandrava (1931–1975)[b] |
— | 5 February 1975 | 11 February 1975 (assassinated.) |
6 days | Military | Position abolished |
| — |
|
Gilles Andriamahazo (1919–1989)[c] |
— | 12 February 1975 | 15 June 1975 | 123 days | Military | |
| — | 
|
Didier Ratsiraka (1936–2021)[d] |
— | 15 June 1975 | 30 December 1975 | 198 days | Military | |
| Democratic Republic of Madagascar | ||||||||
| 3 |
|
Didier Ratsiraka (1936–2021)[e] |
1982 1989 |
30 December 1975 | 12 January 1992 | 16 years, 13 days | Military / AREMA |
Rakotomalala Rakotoniaina Rakotoarijaona Ramahatra Razanamasy |
| Third Republic of Madagascar | ||||||||
| (3) |
|
Didier Ratsiraka (1936–2021) |
— | 12 January 1992 | 27 March 1993 | 1 year, 74 days | AREMA | Razanamasy |
| 4 | 
|
Albert Zafy (1927–2017) |
1992–93 | 27 March 1993 | 5 September 1996 (resigned.) |
3 years, 162 days | UNDD | Razanamasy Ravony Rakotovahiny Ratsirahonana |
| — | 
|
Norbert Ratsirahonana (born 1938) |
— | 5 September 1996 | 9 February 1997 | 157 days | AVI | Himself |
| (3) |
|
Didier Ratsiraka (1936–2021) |
1996 | 9 February 1997 | (25 February 2002)[f] 5 July 2002 |
5 years, 146 days | AREMA | Ratsirahonana Rakotomavo Andrianarivo Rasolondraibe |
| 5 | 
|
Marc Ravalomanana (born 1949) |
2001 2006 |
(22 February 2002)[g] 5 July 2002 |
17 March 2009 (deposed.) |
6 years, 255 days | TIM | Sylla Rabemananjara |
| — |
|
Hyppolite Ramaroson (born 1951)[h] |
— | 17 March 2009 | Several hours | Military | Position vacant | |
| High Transitional Authority | ||||||||
| — | .jpg)
|
Andry Rajoelina (born 1974) |
— | (7 February 2009) 17 March 2009 |
25 January 2014 | 4 years, 314 days | TGV | Roindefo Mangalaza Manorohanta Vital Beriziky |
| Fourth Republic of Madagascar | ||||||||
| 6 | 
|
Hery Rajaonarimampianina (born 1958) |
2013 | 25 January 2014 | 7 September 2018 | 4 years, 225 days | HVM | Beriziky Kolo Ranelonarivo Solonandrasana Ntsay |
| — | 
|
Rivo Rakotovao (born 1960) |
— | 7 September 2018 | 19 January 2019 | 134 days | HVM | Ntsay |
| 7 | .jpg)
|
Andry Rajoelina (born 1974) |
2018 | 19 January 2019 | 9 September 2023 | 4 years, 233 days | TGV | Ntsay |
| — | .jpg)
|
Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Christian Ntsay (born 1961) |
— | 9 September 2023 | 27 October 2023 | 48 days | Independent | Himself |
| — |
|
Richard Ravalomanana (born 1959) |
— | 27 October 2023 | 16 December 2023 | 50 days | Independent | Ntsay |
| (7) |
|
Andry Rajoelina (born 1974) |
2023 | 16 December 2023 | Incumbent | 343 days | TGV | Ntsay |
Timeline
edit
Term of office in years
editThis is a list of each president (excluding acting presidents) in order of term length.
Of the 7 people that has served as president, only two, Didier Ratsiraka and Andry Rajoelina, served in non consecutive periods.
| Rank | President | Political party | Longest continuous term | Total time in office | Periods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Didier Ratsiraka | Military/AREMA | 17 years, 285 days | 23 years, 66 days | 2 |
| 2 | Philibert Tsiranana | PSD | 13 years, 163 days | 13 years, 163 days | 1 |
| 3 | Andry Rajoelina | TGV | 4 years, 314 days | 10 years, 159 days | 3 |
| 4 | Marc Ravalomanana | TIM | 6 years, 255 days | 6 years, 255 days | 1 |
| 5 | Hery Rajaonarimampianina | HVM | 4 years, 225 days | 4 years, 225 days | 1 |
| 6 | Albert Zafy | UNDD | 3 years, 162 days | 3 years, 162 days | 1 |
| 7 | Gabriel Ramanantsoa | Military | 2 years, 117 days | 2 years, 117 days | 1 |
Latest election
edit| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andry Rajoelina | Young Malagasies Determined | 2,858,947 | 58.96 | |
| Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko | Fitambolagnela IAD–PSD–RPSD Vaovao–ABA | 697,691 | 14.39 | |
| Marc Ravalomanana | Tiako i Madagasikara | 586,282 | 12.09 | |
| Hery Rajaonarimampianina | Hery Vaovao ho an'ny Madagasikara | 251,144 | 5.18 | |
| Hajo Andrianainarivelo | Malagasy Miara-Miainga | 91,832 | 1.89 | |
| Tahina Razafinjoelina | Firaisankinan'ny Tia Tanindrazana | 76,553 | 1.58 | |
| Roland Ratsiraka | Malagasy Tonga Saina | 76,858 | 1.59 | |
| Jean Brunelle Razafintsiandraofa | Antoko Politika Madio | 63,474 | 1.31 | |
| Sendrison Daniela Raderanirina | Fandrosoa Faritsy iaby ho an'i Madagasikara | 38,966 | 0.80 | |
| Lalaina Harilanto Ratsirahonanana | Antoko Fihavanantsika | 32,608 | 0.67 | |
| Andry Tsiverizo Raobelina Andriamalala | Anjomara sy Rivo-baovao | 30,198 | 0.62 | |
| Auguste Richard Paraina | Tsara Tahafina | 29,874 | 0.62 | |
| Jean-Jacques Jedidia Ratsietison | Fahefa mividy no ilain'ny Malagasy | 14,468 | 0.30 | |
| Total | 4,848,895 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 4,848,895 | 94.72 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 270,123 | 5.28 | ||
| Total votes | 5,119,018 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 11,043,836 | 46.35 | ||
| Source: HCC | ||||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Stepped down amidst massive political protests, and handed over power to the military (after the referendum on military rule).
- ^ a b Styled as Head of State.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the National Military Leadership Committee.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council until 4 January 1976.
- ^ Based in Toamasina.
- ^ Based in Antananarivo.
- ^ Styled as Head of Military Directorate.
References
edit- ^ Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. "Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa". Africa Center for Strategic Studies.