Roland Winston (born March 12, 1936) is a leading figure in the field of nonimaging optics[1] and its applications to solar energy, and is sometimes termed the "father of non-imaging optics".[2][3] He is the inventor of the compound parabolic concentrator(CPC), a breakthrough technology in solar energy. He is also a former Guggenheim Fellow, past head of the University of Chicago Department of Physics, a member of the founding faculty of University of California Merced, and as of 2013, head of the California Advanced Solar Technologies Institute.[4]
He holds more than 25 patents,[3] chiefly related to solar energy, and has been figuratively said to have a "patent on the sun".[5]
Early life and education
editWinston was born in Moscow, Russia to an American engineer who helped Russians design towns and build an industrial base. In 1942, him and his family had to evacuate Russia when the German military was within artillery range. After fleeing, he attended the Bronx High School of Science.[6]
Winston enrolled as an early entrant at Shimer College in 1950, transferring to the University of Chicago after two years.[7][8] He received a BA from Shimer in 1953, in a graduating class of 11, including future cosmologist Jerome Kristian.[7] Continuing with advanced undergraduate study at the University of Chicago, he received a BS in 1956.[9]
Winston remained at University of Chicago for his graduate work in physics, completing his MS in 1957 and his Ph.D. in 1963.[9] He studied under figures including Yoichiro Nambu and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.[2] Winston's doctoral dissertation was on "observable hyperfine effects in muon capture by complex nuclei."[10]
Scientific career
editWinston initially developed the underlying concept of the CPC for use in the study of Cherenkov radiation while working at Argonne National Laboratory in 1966.[2][11] He was prompted to invent the CPC several years later in 1974, when Argonne director Robert Sachs asked him if it would be possible to extend the parabolic approach to solar energy applications, and if so, whether it would be superior to the existing systems that used imaging optics.[12] Only a year after the invention of the CPC, it was discovered that this design had been anticipated by hundreds of millions of years by the eyes of the horseshoe crab.[13] The paper announcing this discovery was also coauthored by Winston.[14]
A key advantage of the CPC over the earlier imaging collectors was that it could achieve very high efficiencies without needing to track the sun.[15] Non-tracking collectors had previously been believed to be impossible to design.[2] In addition, CPCs received considerable media attention for their ability to function even under heavily clouded and hazy skies.[16]
Winston and Joseph O'Gallagher devised a more refined version of the CPC in 1982, which was smaller and eliminated the need for an extra layer of glass.[17]
In 1988, using a new mirror-based technique, Winston and his team set a new record for concentration of solar energy, concentrating sunlight to more than 60,000 times its normal intensity.[18] In 1989, Winston coauthored with W.T. Welford what became the defining text of the field, High Collection Nonimaging Optics. Later revised under the name of Nonimaging Optics, it remains a classic in the field.
From 1989 to 1995, he served as chair of the Department of Physics of the University of Chicago.[4] In addition to his solar energy work, he has continued to work in his original field of high-energy physics, conducting experiments at Argonne and Fermilab.[4][19]
In 2003, Winston left the University of Chicago, where he had been working and studying since 1952, to join the founding faculty of the University of California Merced.[8] He has however remained connected the U of C and the city of Chicago, and has remained affiliated with the university's Enrico Fermi Institute.[5] In 2004 he partnered with Chicago company Solargenix Energy to create roof-integrated solar cooling and heating systems.[5]
On June 13, 2022, Professor Winston announced he would retire on July 1, 2022. Of the first eight founding faculty members, he is the first one to leave after nearly two decades of service to the UC Merced and the University of California system.[20]
Awards and recognition
editWinston has received numerous awards in the course of his career, including a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1977[21] and the Joseph Fraunhofer Award for "significant accomplishments in optical engineering" from the Optical Society of America in 2009.[2] He was elected as a US delegate to the International Solar Energy Society in 1991.[22] Also in 1991, he was elected a Fellow of OSA.
Devices to which Winston's name has become attached include the CPC itself, which is sometimes known as a "Winston solar collector",[23] and "Winston cones", the individual parabolic elements that make up a CPC.
Writings
edit- Winston, Roland; Juan C., Miñano; Pablo, Benitez (2005). Nonimaging Optics. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-759751-5.
- Welford, W. T.; Roland, Winston (1989). High Collection Nonimaging Optics. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-323-15723-0.
Works cited
edit- Gilmore, C.P. (October 1976). "Concentrating collectors for solar heating and cooling". Popular Science. pp. 96ff.
- O'Gallagher, Joseph (2008). Nonimaging optics in solar energy. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59829-330-2.
- Shrum, Wesley Jr.; Joel Genuth; Ivan Chompalov (2007). Structures of scientific collaboration. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-19559-1.
References
edit- ^ Chaves, Julio (2015). Introduction to Nonimaging Optics, Second Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-0673-9.
- ^ a b c d e "2009 OSA Awards". OSA News Release. April 2009. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b Wolf, Emil; Jannson, Tomasz P. (2005). Tribute To Emil Wolf: Science And Engineering Legacy Of Physical Optics. SPIE Press. p. 167. ISBN 0-8194-5441-9.
- ^ a b c "Roland Winston" (PDF). Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
- ^ a b c Steve Koppes (2004-04-15). "Winston's research leads to 'patent on the sun' for solar energy development". University of Chicago Chronicle. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
- ^ "Growing Up". 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ^ a b Consolidated News Service (1953-05-27). "Shimer College Convocation For Graduates Set Sunday". Rockford Register-Republic. p. B1.
- ^ a b "UC Merced Appoints First Founding Faculty". 2003-03-17. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
- ^ a b "Roland Winston". UC Merced School of Engineering. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
- ^ "Observable hyperfine effects in muon capture by complex nuclei". Worldcat. OCLC 49434477.
- ^ UPI (1974-06-16). "Energy Solution Seen in Research". State Times Advocate. p. 8.
- ^ William W. Schertz (1996). "Argonne National Laboratory". Implementation of Solar Thermal Technology. MIT Press. p. 747. ISBN 0-262-12187-5.
- ^ Gilmore 1976, p. 168.
- ^ R. Levi-Setti; D.A. Park; R. Winston (1975-01-10). "The corneal cones of Limulus as optimised light concentrators". Nature. 253 (5487): 115–116. Bibcode:1975Natur.253..115L. doi:10.1038/253115a0. PMID 1110755. S2CID 4207913.
- ^ Arthur Fisher (June 1976). "Solar Concentrator". Popular Science. p. 50.
- ^ "Solar collector works on hazy days". Associated Press. 1974-05-20. p. 4.
- ^ Robert Anderson (July 1982). "Concentrating collector yields high heat without tracking the sun". Popular Science. p. 30.
- ^ John Noble Wilford (1988-03-11). "Scientists, Using Mirrors, Match Energy Intensity of Sun's Surface". New York Times. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
- ^ Shrum et al. 2007, p. 44.
- ^ "Distinguished Professor Retires". 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ^ http://www.gf.org/fellows/15941-roland-winston [dead link]
- ^ Solar Today. Vol. 5. 1991. p. 7.
- ^ Cleveland, Cutler J.; Morris, Christopher G. (2009). Cutler J. Cleveland; Christopher G. Morris (eds.). Dictionary of Energy: Expanded Edition. Elsevier. p. 564. ISBN 978-0-08-096517-8.