Rivoli Bay (French: Baie de Rivoli) is a bay located on the south-east coast of the Australian state of South Australia, about 311 kilometres (193 miles) south-southeast of the state capital of Adelaide and about 65 kilometres (40 miles) northwest by west of the regional centre of Mount Gambier. It was named in 1802 by the Baudin expedition of 1800–03 after André Masséna, the Duke of Rivoli and Marshal of France. It is one of four 'historic bays' located on the South Australian coast.
| Rivoli Bay | |
|---|---|
 772 metres (2,533 ft) long jetty at Beachport | |
  Rivoli Bay Location in South Australia | |
| Location | Limestone Coast, South Australia |
| Coordinates | 37°31′00″S 140°04′12″E / 37.516594°S 140.070026°E[1] |
| Type | Bay |
| Basin countries | Australia |
| Max. length | 11.5 km (7.1 mi).[2] |
| Max. width | 4 km (2.5 mi)[2] |
| Max. depth | 16.5 m (54 ft)[2] |
| Islands | Penguin Island |
| Settlements | Beachport Southend |
Extent and description
editRivoli Bay lies between Glenns Point or Cape Martin[citation needed] at its northwestern extremity and Cape Buffon at its southeastern extremity, on the south-east coast of South Australia. The central part of the bay is described as "obstructed by numerous reefs, rocky patches, and shoals and is dangerous for navigation" and as having "a sandy beach". A small island named Penguin Island of 16 metres (52 feet) height is located immediately adjacent to Cape Martin.[2][3]
Rivoli Bay is one of four bays on the South Australian coast considered by the Australian Government to be a "historic bay" under the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 and was proclaimed as such in 1987 and again in 2006 and in 2016, with the result that the mouth of the bay is on the territorial seas baseline and the waters within the bay are internal waters as per the definition used in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.[4][5][6]
Navigation aids are located at both ends of the bay, with a lighthouse known as the Cape Martin Lighthouse on the north headland near Cape Martin and a light on the south headland at Cape Buffon.[2][7][8]
European discovery
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Rivoli Bay was named in 1802 by Peron and Freycinet of the Baudin expedition of 1800-03 after André Masséna, the Duke of Rivoli and Marshal of France.[1][9]
A shore-based whaling station operated in Rivoli Bay[where?] from the late 1830s and into the 1840s.[10] It was initially operated by William Dutton and the Henty family, who were associated with bay whaling at Portland Bay.
Australian sea lions were hunted in Rivoli Bay for their skins in the 1870s.[11]
Ports and other settlements
editThe following two settlements are located on its shores: Beachport and Southend. Both settlements have port infrastructure consisting of jetties.[2]
Protected areas
editThe following protected areas adjoin the bay's extent: the Canunda National Park and the Penguin Island Conservation Park.[12][13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Search results for 'Rivoli Bay' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (1985), The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs, Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia, pp. Chart 3, ISBN 978-0-7243-7603-2
- ^ Sailing Directions (Enroute), Pub. 175: North, West, and South Coasts of Australia (PDF). Sailing Directions. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2017. p. 230.
- ^ "Article 8 Internal waters, Part II, UN Convention on the Law of the Sea". United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
- ^ "EXPLANATORY STATEMENT Issued by the authority of the Attorney-General, Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973, Seas and Submerged Lands (Historic Bays) Proclamation 2006". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
- ^ "Seas and Submerged Lands (Historic Bays) Proclamation 2016". Commonwealth of Australia. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
- ^ "S.A. - Cape Buffon". Grant P. Maizels. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
- ^ "The Cape Martin Lighthouse at Beachport". Lighthouses of Australia Inc. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
- ^ Manning, Geoffrey H. (2012). "Rivoli Bay (in placenames starting with 'R')" (PDF). A Compendium of the Place Names of South Australia From Aaron Creek to Zion Hill With 54 Complementary Appendices. Gould Genealogy & History. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- ^ Kostoglou, Parry; McCarthy, Justin (1991). Whaling and sealing sites in South Australia. Fremantle, WA: Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology. p. 46.
- ^ "NATURALIST". Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912). 16 June 1877. p. 3. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ Canunda National Park Management Plan (PDF). National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment and Planning, South Australia. 1990. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
- ^ Small Coastal Parks of the South East Management Plan (PDF). National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment and Planning, South Australia. 1990. p. 23. Retrieved 29 July 2014.