Richard Fleming (bishop)

Richard Fleming (c. 1385 – 25 or 26 January 1431), Bishop of Lincoln and founder of Lincoln College, Oxford, was born at Crofton in Yorkshire.

Richard Fleming
Bishop of Lincoln
Appointed	20 November 1419
Term ended	January 1431
Predecessor	Philip Repyngdon
Successor	William Gray
Orders
Consecration	28 April 1420
Personal details
Born	c. 1385 Crofton, Wakefield, Yorkshire
Died	25 or 26 January 1431 Sleaford Castle
Denomination	Roman Catholic

Biography

Fleming was descended from a gentry family. His aunt, Cecily Fleming had married Robert Waterton, 'Henry IV's esquire and right-hand man'. His nephew, Robert Flemming, was likely an illegitimate son of Robert Flemming, esquire, of Wath, near Ripon (d.1459).

Fleming was educated at University College, Oxford. Having taken his degrees, he was made prebendary of York in 1406, and the next year was junior proctor of the university. In 1409 he was appointed to the committee of twelve censors who were commissioned to examine the writings of John Wyclif and determine the heretical ideas they contained. Later that year he was accused of supporting some of Wyclif's errors in a public disputation, for which he incurred the censure of Archbishop Arundel. Fleming must have either been exonerated or renounced his supposed heresy because he was still a member of the committee of censors when its list of Wycliffe's errors was published in 1411 (Nighman, 2003, pp. 208–10).

Before 1415 Fleming was instituted to the rectory of Boston in Lincolnshire. He attended the Council of Constance from late 1416 to early 1418 where he delivered a number of sermons which survive, all of which reveal a strong concern for clerical reform (Nighman, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2008a, 2008b). He was nominated to the see of Lincoln by papal provision on 20 November 1419 and on 28 April 1420 he was consecrated as bishop of Lincoln by Martin V in Florence. He attended the Council of Pavia and Siena in 1428–1429 and, in the presence of the pope, reportedly made an eloquent speech in vindication of the rights of the English "nation" and in support of papal authority against the more radical proponents of conciliarism; this sermon apparently does not survive. It was probably on this occasion that he was named chamberlain to the pope.

In February 1424 the see of York being vacant, the pope conferred it on Fleming; but the regency council of the young king Henry VI refused to confirm the appointment, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425. In 1427, Fleming obtained a royal licence empowering him to found a college at Oxford for the special purpose of training theologians to combat Wyclif's heresy. To Bishop Fleming was entrusted the execution of the decree of the Council of Constance for the exhumation and burning of Wycliffe's remains, though Fleming delayed fulfilling this duty for over a decade. He died at Sleaford, Lincolnshire, in January 1431. Although his foundation of Lincoln College, Oxford, was incomplete at the time of his death, the college's future was eventually secured and Fleming's manuscript books became the core collection of the collegiate library (de la Mare, 1962–3).

References

• Clough, Cecil H. (2004). "Flemming, Robert (1416–1483)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9714. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Bennett, N. H., ed. (1984). The Register of Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln: 1420–1431 volume I. Canterbury & York Society. Vol. 73.
• Bennett, N. H., ed. (2009). The Register of Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln: 1420–1431 volume II. Canterbury & York Society. Vol. 99.
• de la Mare, Albinia (1962-3). "Vespasiano da Bisticci and the Florentine MSS. of Robert Flemmyng in Lincoln College," Lincoln College Record: 7–16.
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
• Nighman, Chris L. (1997). "Another look at the English staging of an Epiphany play at the Council of Constance", Records of Early English Drama 22.2: 11–18.
• Nighman, Chris L. (2000). “'Accipiant qui vocati sunt': Richard Fleming's reform sermon at the Council of Constance", Journal of Ecclesiastical History 51.1: 1-36. (https://scholars.wlu.ca/hist_faculty/7/)
• Nighman, Chris L. (2003). "Rhetorical self-construction and its political context in Richard Fleming’s reform sermon for Passion Sunday at the Council of Constance", Annuarium historiae conciliorum 33.2: 405–25. (https://scholars.wlu.ca/hist_faculty/10/)
• Nighman, Chris L. (2008a). "Prudencia, plague & the pulpit: Richard Fleming’s eulogy for Robert Hallum at the Council of Constance", Annuarium historiae conciliorum 38.1: 183–98. (https://scholars.wlu.ca/hist_faculty/8/)
• Nighman, Chris L. (2008b). "Citations of 'noster' John Pecham in Richard Fleming's Trinity Sunday sermon: Evidence for the political use of liturgical music at the Council of Constance", Medieval Sermon Studies 52: 31–41. (https://scholars.wlu.ca/hist_faculty/17/)
• Swanson, R. N. (2004). "Flemming, Richard (d. 1431)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9709. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Whitehead, J. R. (2004). "Waterton, Robert (d.1425)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54421. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Attribution

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fleming, Richard". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 494.