Rhyothemis is a genus of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae.[2] They are commonly known as flutterers.
| Flutterers | |
|---|---|
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| Rhyothemis variegata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Libellulidae |
| Subfamily: | Trameinae |
| Tribe: | Rhyothemistini |
| Genus: | Rhyothemis Hagen, 1867[1] |
Rhyothemis species are found in Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific region.[3] The flight of the genus Rhyothemis is usually fluttering, leading to the common description of "flutterer" for most species in the genus.
Species
editThe genus Rhyothemis includes the following species:[4]
| Male | Female | Scientific Name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhyothemis aterrima Selys, 1891 | Black Jewel Flutterer | Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatera); Malaysia (Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak); Thailand; Viet Nam; | ||
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Rhyothemis braganza Karsch, 1890 | Iridescent Flutterer | Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, Northern Territory) |
| Rhyothemis cognata (Rambur, 1842) | Madagascar Flutterer | Madagascar | ||
|
Rhyothemis fenestrina (Rambur, 1842) | Skylight Flutterer | Angola; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Congo; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Côte d'Ivoire; Gabon; Ghana; Kenya; Liberia; Malawi; Namibia; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia | |
| Rhyothemis fulgens Kirby, 1889 | Bornean Brown Flutterer | Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatera); Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak); Singapore | ||
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Rhyothemis fuliginosa Selys, 1883 | Butterfly Flutterer | China, Korea, and Japan |
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Rhyothemis graphiptera (Rambur, 1842) | Graphic Flutterer[5] or Banded Flutterer or Small Pond Dragonfly | Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia); Indonesia (Papua, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku); New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea |
| Rhyothemis hurleyi Tillyard, 1926 | Indonesia (Papua) | |||
| Rhyothemis mariposa Ris, 1913 | Mariposa Flutterer[6] | Democratic Republic of the Congo; Zambia; Angola; Namibia | ||
| Rhyothemis notata (Fabricius, 1781) | Veiled Flutterer | Benin; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Liberia; Nigeria; Sierra Leone | ||
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Rhyothemis phyllis (Sulzer, 1776) | Yellow-Striped Flutterer | Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland); Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; Guam; India (Nicobar Is., Andaman Is.); Indonesia (Lesser Sunda Is., Kalimantan, Jawa, Papua, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Maluku); Laos; Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia); Federated States of Micronesia; Myanmar (mainland); New Caledonia; Palau; Papua New Guinea (main island group, North Solomons, Bismarck Archipelago); Philippines; Singapore; Solomon Islands (South Solomons); Thailand; Vanuatu; Viet Nam |
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Rhyothemis plutonia Selys, 1883 | Greater Bluewing or Great Sapphire Flutterer | Bangladesh; China (Hainan); India (Assam, West Bengal); Indonesia (Sumatera); Laos; Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia); Myanmar (mainland); Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam | |
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Rhyothemis princeps Kirby, 1894 | Australian Sapphire Flutterer or Zircon Flutterer | Australia (Queensland); Indonesia (Papua); Papua New Guinea (main island group) |
| Rhyothemis pygmaea (Brauer, 1867) | Small Bronze Flutterer | Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua) | ||
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Rhyothemis regia (Brauer, 1867) | Pied Sapphire Flutterer | American Samoa (American Samoa, Swains Is.); Indonesia (Papua, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku); Malaysia (Sabah); Northern Mariana Islands; Philippines; Samoa; Taiwan; Tokelau; Tonga; Wallis and Futuna | |
|
Rhyothemis resplendens Selys, 1878 | Jewel Flutterer | Australia (Queensland); Indonesia (Maluku, Papua); Papua New Guinea (main island group, North Solomons, Bismarck Archipelago); Philippines; Solomon Islands (South Solomons) | |
| Rhyothemis rita Kovacs and Theischinger, 2016 | Rita Flutterer | Indonesia (Papua) | ||
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Rhyothemis semihyalina (Desjardins, 1832) | Phantom Flutterer[7] | Angola (Cabinda, Angola); Azerbaijan; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Chad; Comoros; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Côte d'Ivoire; Eritrea; Eswatini; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; Iran; Iraq; Kenya; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritius (main island); Mayotte; Mozambique; Namibia (main part, Caprivi Strip); Nigeria; Oman; Rwanda; Réunion; Senegal; Seychelles (Aldabra, Seychelles (main island group)); Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa (Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North-West Province, Western Cape); South Sudan; Syria; Tanzania; Togo; Turkey (Turkey-in-Asia); Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe | |
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Rhyothemis severini Ris, 1913 | Bluetip Flutterer | Taiwan | |
| Rhyothemis splendens Fraser, 1955 | Splendid Flutterer | Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||
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Rhyothemis triangularis Kirby, 1889 | Asian Sapphire Flutterer or Lesser Bluewing | Brunei Darussalam; China (Fujian, Guangdong); Hong Kong; India (Tamil Nadu, Assam, Kerala, Karnataka); Indonesia (Kalimantan, Jawa, Sumatera); Malaysia (Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah); Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand |
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Rhyothemis variegata (Linnaeus, 1763) | Common Picture Wing[8] or Variegated Flutterer | Bangladesh; Cambodia; China (Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian); Guam; Hong Kong; India (Mahé, Uttaranchal, Daman, Gujarat, Delhi, Haryana, Assam, Dadra-Nagar-Haveli, Pondicherry, Bihar, Jharkhand, Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Arunachal Pradesh, Yanam, Darjiling, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Nagaland, Chandigarh, Tripura, Manipur, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu-Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Karaikal, Punjab, Andaman Is., Kerala, Diu); Laos; Myanmar (mainland); Nepal; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam |
References
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhyothemis.
- ^ Hagen, H. (1867). "Die Neuroptera der Insel Cuba". Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung (in German). 28: 215–232 [232] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ "Genus Rhyothemis Hagen, 1867". Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study. 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- ^ Watson, J.A.L.; Theischinger, G.; Abbey, H.M. (1991). The Australian Dragonflies: A Guide to the Identification, Distributions and Habitats of Australian Odonata. Melbourne: CSIRO. p. 278. ISBN 0643051368.
- ^ Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. (2024). "World Odonata List". OdonataCentral, University of Alabama.
- ^ Theischinger, G.; Hawking, J. (2006). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-09073-8.
- ^ Clausnitzer, V. & Suhling, F. (2010). "Rhyothemis mariposa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T168020A6446785. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T168020A6446785.en.
- ^ Boudot, J.-P.; Clausnitzer, V.; Samraoui, B.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B.; Schneider, W. (2016). "Rhyothemis semihyalina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T60037A83869229. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60037A83869229.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Subramanian, K. A. (2005). Dragonflies and Damselflies of Peninsular India (PDF).