Rhinella scitula is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and in the adjacent southeastern Paraguay (Amambay and Concepción Departments).[3][4]
| Rhinella scitula | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Rhinella |
| Species: | R. scitula
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| Binomial name | |
| Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi and Niemeyer, 2003)
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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Bufo scitulus Caramaschi and Niemeyer, 2003[2] | |
Description
editMales measure 33–46 mm (1.3–1.8 in) and females 46–51 mm (1.8–2.0 in) in snout–vent length.[2][4] The species has a robust appearance. The snout is rounded with a small apical apophysis in dorsal view and sub-acuminate in lateral profile. The coloration is variable. The dorsum is generally light brown to dark brown. Light-colored individuals have no pattern or have a cream vertebral line. Darker specimens have a broadish, light brown vertebral stripe. There is a black, triangular inter-ocular spot facing backward, as well as an oblong dorsal blackish spot that connects to another black spot near the urostyle. The belly is light creamy, marbled with light gray.[2]
Habitat and conservation
editRhinella scitula is associated with seasonal forests and mountainous landscapes at elevations between 100–700 m (330–2,300 ft) above sea level.[3][4] Breeding takes place in small pools in slow-flowing streams[1] after rainfalls and is of explosive type. Males call mainly during twilight.[2][4] The species is abundant in seasonal forest areas with rocky outcrops.[4] As of 2004, no threats to this then recently described species had been identified.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c Ulisses Caramaschi (2004). "Rhinella scitula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54756A11200283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54756A11200283.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Caramaschi, U.; de Niemeyer, H. (2003). "Nova espécie do complexo de Bufo margaritifer (Laurenti, 1768) do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)" [A new species of the Bufo margaritifer (Laurenti, 1768) complex from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)]. Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia. 501. Rio de Janeiro: 1–16.
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi and Niemeyer, 2003)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Sugai, José Luiz Massao Moreira; Souza, Franco Leandro; Filho, Paulo Landgref; Sczesny-Moraes, Eurico Antonio (2014). "Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi & Niemeyer, 2003) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae): New distribution records". Check List. 10 (3): 694–696. doi:10.15560/10.3.694.