Wikipedia

Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has offered registered partnerships for same-sex couples since 1 July 2006. Registered partnerships grant several of the rights of marriage, including inheritance, the right to declare a same-sex partner as next of kin, hospital visitation rights, jail and prison visitation rights, spousal privilege, and alimony rights, but do not allow joint adoption, widow's pension, or joint property rights. The registered partnership law was passed in March 2006 and went into effect on 1 July 2006.[1][2][3] The country also grants unregistered cohabitation status to "persons living in a common household" that gives couples inheritance and succession rights in housing.[4]

A same-sex marriage bill passed its first reading in the Chamber of Deputies in June 2023, but was rejected at third reading in February 2024 in favor of a bill expanding the rights of registered partnerships. This bill was approved by the Senate in April 2024 and was later signed by President Petr Pavel. Effective from 1 January 2025, registered partners will have the same rights, obligations and responsibilities as married opposite-sex couples, apart from the title of marriage and joint adoption (though stepchild adoption will be available).[5] Opinion polls show that a large majority of Czechs support same-sex marriage.[6][7]

Registered partnerships

edit

Passage of legislation in 2006

edit

There had been several attempts to allow same-sex registered partnerships in the Czech Republic. In 1998, a partnership bill reached the Chamber of Deputies, but was defeated by two votes.[8] In 1999, the chamber voted against another bill.[9][10] In February 2001, the Zeman Cabinet presented a third bill, which was rejected by Parliament in October 2001.[11][12][13] On 11 February 2005, another bill was defeated by one vote. It was backed by 82 out of the 165 deputies present, most voting in favour being Social Democrats, Communists, Freedom Union members and some deputies from the opposition Civic Democratic Party (ODS).[14]

In April 2005, a partnership bill passed its first reading in the Chamber with 82 votes for and 9 against. On 16 December 2005, it passed its third reading with 86 votes for, 54 against, and 7 abstentions.[15] The legislation established registered partnerships (Czech: registrované partnerství, pronounced [ˈrɛɡɪstrovanɛː ˈpartnɛrstviː]) for same-sex couples, providing several of the rights of marriage, including inheritance, the right to declare a same-sex partner as next of kin, hospital visitation rights, jail and prison visitation rights, spousal privilege and alimony rights, but not allowing joint adoption rights, widow's pension, or joint property rights.

16 December 2005 vote in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic[16]
Party Voted for Voted against Abstained Absent or excused
 G  Czech Social Democratic Party
45
 -
1
24
  Civic Democratic Party
13
30
4
10
  Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
22
4
2
13
 G  Christian and Democratic Union -
19
 -
2
 G  Freedom Union – Democratic Union
5
1
 -
4
  Independents
1
 - - -
Total 86 54 7 53

The legislation was passed by the Senate on 26 January 2006 in a 65–14 vote.[17][18]

On 16 February 2006, President Václav Klaus vetoed the bill.[19][20][21] In response, Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek said that he would seek a parliamentary majority (101 votes) in the lower chamber to override the veto and did so successfully on 15 March 2006 with the exact number of votes needed (101) out of 177 votes cast.[22][23][24][25]

15 March 2006 vote in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic[26]
Party Voted for Voted against Abstained Absent or excused
 G  Czech Social Democratic Party
66
2
1
1
  • Eva Nováková (Abs)
  Civic Democratic Party
2
26
14
15
  Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
26
9
3
3
 G  Christian and Democratic Union -
20
 -
1
 G  Freedom Union – Democratic Union
7
 - -
3
  Independents - -
1
 -
Total 101 57 18 21

In September 2014, a group of deputies introduced a bill to permit a person to adopt the stepchild(ren) of their registered partner (i.e. stepchild adoption).[27] In October 2014, the Sobotka Cabinet decided not to take an official stance on the bill.[28] Instead, on 24 October 2016, it approved its own draft bill on the issue, and introduced it to Parliament on 8 November.[29][30][31][32][33] The bills were not brought to a vote before the 2017 legislative election.

There are a number of differences between registered partnerships and marriage. Registered partners do not have the same rights to shared property as married couples, do not receive the same tax benefits, and do not have the right to a widow or widower's pension or adoption rights.[34] Another major distinction was that registered partnerships could only be performed in the 14 regional capitals, whereas marriages can be performed in over 1,200 registry offices throughout the country. This was noted in a July 2016 report by the ombudsman office, which also stated that a dying person in a hospital could not enter into a partnership because of these restrictions.[35] A law which took effect on 1 January 2024 changed this requirement, allowing registered partnerships to be concluded at all registry offices in the country.[36]

Expansion of rights in 2025

edit

In 2022, a group of lawmakers introduced a same-sex marriage bill to the Chamber of Deputies. In November 2023, the Chamber's Constitutional and Legal Affairs Committee failed to reach an agreement on whether to approve the bill as introduced or amended versions which would not legalize same-sex marriage but instead provide partnerships equal to marriage in all but name. On 28 February, the Chamber passed an amendment expanding the rights of registered partnerships (including the right to stepchild adoption) by a 118 to 33 vote without voting on the initial version of the same-sex marriage bill. The amended draft law was approved in its entirety by the Chamber by a vote of 123 to 36 that same day. It was approved by the Senate on 17 April 2024 despite attempts by some lawmakers to amend the bill to permit same-sex marriages.[37][38] The legislation would expand the right of registered partners to shared property, full tax benefits, the right to a widow or widower's pension, and stepchild adoption.[39] It was signed by President Petr Pavel on 29 April, and will go into force on 1 January 2025.[40][41]

28 February 2024 vote in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic[42][43]
Party Voted for Voted against Abstained Present Absent
  ANO 2011
65
 -
1
1
4
 G  Civic Democratic Party
18
4
9
2
1
 G  Mayors and Independents
14
6
3
9
1
 G  Christian and Democratic Union
6
6
7
 -
4
  Freedom and Direct Democracy -
17
 - -
3
 G  TOP 09 (14)
14
 - - - -
 G  Czech Pirate Party - - -
3
1
  Independent
1
 - - - -
Total 118 33 20 15 14

Statistics

edit

By June 2009, 780 registered partnerships had been conducted in the Czech Republic.[44][45] By the end of 2010, that number had increased to 1,110, of which 66 had been dissolved.[46] A large majority of these partnerships involved two Czech citizens, though there were also several couples with at least one partner from the United States, Slovakia or the United Kingdom.[47] Most partnerships were performed in Prague followed by Central Bohemia and South Moravia, while Zlín and Vysočina registered the fewest partnerships.[48]

The number of registered partnerships differs between data collected from parish registers and data from the Ministry of the Interior.[49][50] Data collected from parish registers shows that 4,283 partnerships were performed between 2006 and 2021: 235 in 2006, 258 in 2007, 233 in 2008, 209 in 2009, 205 in 2010, 188 in 2011, 209 in 2012, 212 in 2013, 242 in 2014, 254 on 2015, 363 in 2016, 334 in 2017, 342 in 2018, 360 in 2019, 324 in 2020, and 315 in 2021.[51] 6.4% of these partnerships were performed in Czech embassies or consulates abroad. By the end of 2019, about a quarter of these partnerships had been dissolved, lower than the divorce rate of opposite-sex partners at around 50%. Male couples account for the majority of partnerships.[52][53]

Same-sex marriage

edit
 
Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹
  Marriage
  Civil union
  Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)
  Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.

Failed attempts in 2017–2021

edit

The Green Party and the Pirate Party expressed support for same-sex marriage in their 2017 electoral programs.[54][55] Following the adoption of a same-sex marriage law by the German Bundestag in June 2017, Zbyněk Stanjura, a deputy from the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), suggested that his party could agree to a free vote in Parliament.[56]

Before the October 2017 election, activists started a campaign called "We Are Fair" (Czech: Jsme fér, pronounced [jsmɛ fɛːr]) to legalise same-sex marriage in the Czech Republic.[56][57] The campaign found that a majority of deputies from ANO 2011, the Pirate Party, the Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), TOP 09, and the Mayors and Independents (STAN) supported same-sex marriage, while a minority of ODS, Communist and Christian Democratic MPs and no deputy from the Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) party did so.[58] Prime Minister Andrej Babiš expressed support for the legalisation of same-sex marriage.[59][60][61][62]

On 12 June 2018, a bill to legalise same-sex marriage, sponsored by 46 deputies, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies.[63][64] Three days later, a group of 37 deputies proposed a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the "union of a man and a woman" in the Constitution of the Czech Republic, which would have required a two-thirds majority in the Chamber.[65][66] On 22 June 2018, the Babiš Cabinet announced its support for the same-sex marriage bill.[67][68][69] The "We Are Fair" campaign presented 70,350 signatures in support of same-sex marriage to the Chamber of Deputies in late June.[70] The first reading of the same-sex marriage bill was scheduled for 31 October, but was delayed to 14 November.[71][72] As debate on both bills began, individual MPs spoke on both sides of the issue rather than split on party lines, indicative of a conscience vote.[73] A vote was expected in January 2019, but was postponed to 26 March 2019,[74] but then postponed again. On 10 January 2019, President Miloš Zeman said he might veto the same-sex marriage bill if it were passed by Parliament.[75][76] Such a veto would force a second vote on the law, with the support of 101 deputies (50% + 1) required to override the presidential veto. On 29 April 2021, a proposal to reject the bill at first reading failed, receiving 41 votes from the 93 deputies present,[77] and the bill therefore progressed to the committee stage.[78] However, it did not advance further before the October 2021 election.[79]

Failed attempts in 2022–2024

edit

In June 2022, a cross-party same-sex marriage bill was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The bill would grant same-sex couples the same legal rights and benefits as opposite-sex married spouses, including joint property rights, adoption rights, the right to inherit their partner's pension and access to alternative family care.[80] Several candidates in the 2023 presidential election supported same-sex marriage and adoption rights, including the winner, Petr Pavel,[81][82] and runner-up Andrej Babiš.[83][84]

Debate on the bill began in May 2023.[85][86][87] A poll conducted at the time showed that 72% of Czechs supported same-sex marriage.[6] The bill passed its first reading by 68 votes to 58 in the Chamber of Deputies on 29 June.[88][89] On 6 September 2023, several companies, including Vodafone, Microsoft, Danone, Československá obchodní banka and IKEA, supported an open letter to the government in support of the bill.[90][91] In November 2023, the Chamber's Constitutional and Legal Affairs Committee failed to reach an agreement on whether to approve the bill as introduced or amended versions which would not legalize same-sex marriage but instead provide partnerships equal to marriage in all but name. The marriage bill was approved at second reading in the Chamber on 7 February 2024.[92][93] On 14 February, the committee recommended that the Chamber vote on the proposals from the most expansive to the least expansive,[94] but on 28 February the Chamber reversed that order and passed an amendment expanding the rights of registered partnerships (including the right to stepchild adoption) by a 118 to 33 vote without voting on the initial version of the same-sex marriage bill.[95][96] The bill passed the Senate in April, and was signed into law by President Pavel on 29 April. Jsme fér released a statement describing the bill's passage as "a sad day for justice and equality in our country. [...] Despite the clear majority support for marriage for all in the Czech Republic, [Parliament] did not adopt this law."[40]

Religious performance

edit

In October 2022, the Old Catholic Church of the Czech Republic voted to allow its priests to bless same-sex partnerships.[97] In 2024, the Synod Council of the Old Catholic Church announced its intention to perform same-sex registered partnerships with a church ceremony from January 2025.[98] In May 2023, the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, the second largest Christian denomination in the Czech Republic, also voted to allow its pastors to bless same-sex unions.[99]

The Catholic Church opposes same-sex marriage and does not allow its priests to officiate at such marriages. In December 2023, the Holy See published Fiducia supplicans, a declaration allowing Catholic priests to bless couples who are not considered to be married according to church teaching, including the blessing of same-sex couples.[100][101]

Public opinion

edit

A 2007 opinion poll from CVVM (Centrum pro výzkum veřejného mínění, Center for Public Opinion Research) indicated that 36% of Czechs supported the legalisation of same-sex marriage, while 57% were opposed.[57] A May 2017 opinion poll by CVVM found a 52% majority in favour of legalising same-sex marriage, with 41% opposed.[56]

A 2017 poll conducted by the Pew Research Center showed that 65% of Czechs supported same-sex marriage. Support was far higher among 18–34-year-olds, with only 18% of people in that age group being opposed to same-sex marriage.[102] A Median poll conducted in February 2018 (and published in April) found that 75% of Czechs supported the right of gay and lesbian couples to marry, while 19% were opposed. 13% believed that legalising same-sex marriage would threaten opposite-sex marriages, and 8% believed it would threaten them personally. Additionally, 61% of Czechs were in support of adoption by same-sex couples, while 31% were opposed.[103][104]

A poll from January 2019, when a same-sex marriage bill was scheduled to undergo first reading in Parliament, indicated that 61% of Czechs supported same-sex marriage. Various Czech celebrities also expressed support, including tennis player Martina Navratilova, singers Bára Basiková and Dara Rolins, photographer Robert Vano, actresses Simona Stašová and Anna Geislerová, and politician Ivan Bartoš.[105] According to a June 2019 survey conducted in May 2019 by CVVM, 75% of respondents supported registered partnerships with 20% opposed, 47% supported same-sex marriage with 48% opposed, and 60% supported stepchild adoption with 31% opposed.[106] A Median poll published in January 2020 showed that 67% of Czechs supported same-sex marriage, and 62% supported joint adoption by same-sex couples.[107] The survey found a large generational gap, with younger respondents overwhelmingly in support, but those aged 55 and above mostly opposed.[108]

A GLOBSEC survey conducted in March 2023 showed that 72% of Czechs supported same-sex marriage, while 24% were opposed.[6] The 2023 Eurobarometer found that 60% of respondents thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 34% were opposed. The survey also found that 70% of Czechs thought that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex", while 26% disagreed.[7]

An October 2023 Nielson/Publicis Groupe survey showed that more than half of Czechs would be "happy if politicians could quickly resolve the issue [of same-sex marriage]", while around 30% said they did not care if the issue was resolved and 11% of respondents said the issue "should not be rushed". Additionally, 9% of respondents said "their lives would get worse if an equal marriage law were adopted", whereas 80% believed that the adoption of such a law would not affect their lives, and 11% expected an improvement.[109]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "No. 115/2006 Coll". zakonyprolidi.cz (in Czech).
  2. ^ "Nearly weds:Country's first same-sex unions". Prague Post. 12 July 2006.
  3. ^ "Gay marriage legalized". Radio Prague International. 3 July 2006.
  4. ^ Prague Archived 2015-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Cassell, Heather (3 May 2024). "Czech president signs expanded same-sex partnership rights into law — fight for marriage continues". The Bay Area Reporter. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b c "GLOBSEC Trends 2023" (PDF). GLOBSEC. 2023. p. 75.
  7. ^ a b "Eurobarometer 2023: Discrimination in the European Union". europa.eu. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  8. ^ CZECH REPUBLIC: NO MARRIAGES FOR GAYS AND LESBIANS
  9. ^ Gay-marriage bill is rejected
  10. ^ NO TO REGISTERED PARTNERSHIP IN CZECH REPUBLIC
  11. ^ Czech Gay Bill Drafted
  12. ^ Gay marriage not likely in Czech Republic
  13. ^ Equality for same-sex couples
  14. ^ Czech Gay and Lesbian League upset about repeated rejection of same sex partnerships
  15. ^ Czech MPs approve law on same-sex partnerships
  16. ^ "51. schůze, 933. hlasování, 16. prosince 2005, 10:26 (Návrh zákona o registrovaném partnerství)" (in Czech). 16 December 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  17. ^ Bill on single sex partnerships makes it through both houses of Parliament
  18. ^ Czech Gays Get Partner Rights
  19. ^ Czech Republic President Vetoes Gay Union Bill
  20. ^ Gay groups angered by president's veto of registered partnership bill
  21. ^ Czech President Vetoes Gay Partner Bill
  22. ^ Czech Parliament Overrides Veto, Passes Gay Partner Law
  23. ^ Czech MPs approve gay rights law
  24. ^ Czech Parliament Overrides Veto, Passes Gay Partner Law
  25. ^ Same-sex registered partnerships to be introduced after deputies override presidential veto
  26. ^ "54. schůze, 311. hlasování, 15. března 2006, 18:17 (Návrh zákona o registrovaném partnerství)" (in Czech). 15 March 2006. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  27. ^ (in Czech) Sněmovní tisk 320 Novela z. o registrovaném partnerství
  28. ^ (in Czech) Vláda se neshodla na novele o adopci registrovanými partnery
  29. ^ (in Czech) Vláda schválila novelu zákona o NKÚ a novelu zákona o registrovaném partnerství
  30. ^ (in Czech) Vláda schválila novelu zákona o registrovaném partnerství v otázce osvojení dítěte
  31. ^ Government approves bill on adoption of biological children in same-sex couples
  32. ^ (in Czech) Vláda odsouhlasila osvojování dětí pro homosexuální páry. Má jim zjednodušit každodenní život
  33. ^ (in Czech) Sněmovní tisk 957 Novela z. o registrovaném partnerství
  34. ^ "Czech MPs Hold Historic Debate on Same Sex Marriage". expats.cz. 15 November 2018.
  35. ^ "Ani po deseti letech nejsou podmínky pro vstup do registrovaného partnerství ve všech krajích stejné". ochrance.cz (in Czech). 7 July 2016.
  36. ^ "Registrované partnerství můžete od 1. ledna uzavřít i na kroměřížské radnici". Zlin.cz (in Czech). 31 December 2023.
  37. ^ "Czech Republic's lower house rejects marriage for same-sex couples but allows limited adoptions". ABC News. 28 February 2024.
  38. ^ "Senate allows same-sex partnership amendment to be adopted using unusual move". Radio Prague. 17 April 2024.
  39. ^ "Out in the World: LGBTQ+ news from Europe & Asia". Los Angeles Blade. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  40. ^ a b Ferlita, Gabriella (30 April 2024). "The Czech Republic government has signed an expanded union for same-sex couples into law, but has failed to include marriage or full adoption rights for the queer community in the country". PinkNews.
  41. ^ "Partnership Rights For Same-Sex Couples To Be Expanded From 2025". Brno Daily. 29 April 2024.
  42. ^ "94. schůze, 41. hlasování, 28. února 2024, 17:19 Novela z. - občanský ákoník" (in Czech). 28 February 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  43. ^ "Jsme fér (@JsmeFer) - Návrh ukrajovák číslo 1: partnerství pouze s přiosvojením, byl právě Sněmovnou přijat. Jak kdo hlasoval?". twitter.com (in Czech). 28 February 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  44. ^ "Archive for Gay Life Statistics in Czech Republic". gaytoursprague.wordpress.com. 23 November 2009.
  45. ^ "Gay marriages on the rise". Radio Prague. 30 January 2008.
  46. ^ (in Czech) Česko má 1111 registrovaných partnerství Archived 2011-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
  47. ^ "Registrované partnerství "slavilo"". gay.iniciativa.cz (in Czech).
  48. ^ "Kde je nejvíc registrovaných párů v Česku? Lesbičky hlásí rekord!". tn.nova.cz (in Czech). 23 January 2018.
  49. ^ "Registrovaná partnerství fungují přes 10 let. Kolik párů si řeklo ano, kolik rozvedlo". zpravy.aktualne.cz (in Czech). 11 February 2017.
  50. ^ "Známé neznámé registrované partnerství: statistiky RP v Česku po 14 letech". SOC (in Czech). 26 June 2020.
  51. ^ "Ani praktické, ani oblíbené – už 16 let lze v Česku uzavírat registrované partnerství, zájem ale příliš neroste". Žurnál Online (in Czech). 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024.
  52. ^ "Dosud uzavřelo registrované partnerství 3117 párů. Po zrušení zákazu adopce roste zájem žen, loni poprvé překonaly muže". Hospodářské Noviny (in Czech). 1 February 2019.
  53. ^ "Zájem žen o registrované partnerství stoupá. Loni poprvé překonaly muže". Deník (in Czech). 1 February 2019.
  54. ^ "Manželství pro všechny". Green Party.
  55. ^ "Nová Sněmovna má 82 férových poslanců". Jsme Fér.
  56. ^ a b c "Door Opens to Achieving Marriage Equality in Czech Republic". Human Rights Watch. 15 August 2017.
  57. ^ a b "Gays, lesbians launching campaign for marriage". Prague Daily Monitor. 3 July 2017.
  58. ^ "Známe férové poslankyně a poslance!". Jsme Fér (in Czech). 22 October 2017.
  59. ^ "Babiš podpořil sňatky homosexuálů". Novinky.cz (in Czech). 7 April 2019.
  60. ^ "Czech prime minister supports marriage equality". The Bay Area Reporter. 10 April 2019.
  61. ^ "Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš voices support for gay marriage". news.expats.cz. 9 April 2019.
  62. ^ Vodseďálek, Petr (19 April 2017). "Andrej Babiš podpoří gay manželství. Diskutovat na toto téma bude v kině Varšava Zdroj". Jablonecký Deník (in Czech).
  63. ^ "Sněmovní tisk 201 - Novela z. - občanský zákoník". psp.cz. Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  64. ^ ""Důstojnost pro všechny". Poslanci navrhli, aby manželství mohli uzavírat i lidé stejného pohlaví" ["Dignity for all": Legislators suggest that marriage be opened to same-sex couples.]. Lidové noviny. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  65. ^ "Sněmovní tisk 211 - N. ústav. z. - Listina základních práv a svobod". psp.cz. 13 June 2018.
  66. ^ "Skupina poslanců odmítá sňatky pro homosexuály. Svazek muže a ženy chce chránit ústavně". Ceska Televize. 13 June 2018.
  67. ^ "Manželství místo partnerství. Vláda podpořila sňatky pro homosexuályl". Denik. 22 June 2018.
  68. ^ "Manželství budou moci podle Babišovy vlády uzavřít i homosexuálové". iDNES.cz. 22 June 2018.
  69. ^ "Czech government backs bill on same-sex marriage". Reuters. 22 June 2018.
  70. ^ "Petition for same-sex marriage passed to lawmakers". Prague Monitor. 27 June 2018.
  71. ^ "První čtení: manželství pro všechny ve Sněmovně". Jsme fér (in Czech). 31 October 2018.
  72. ^ Crittenton, Anya (31 October 2018). "Czech Republic fails to vote on same-sex marriage, puts it off for later session". Gay Star News.
  73. ^ Kenety, Brian (15 November 2018). "CZECH MPS DEBATE SAME-SEX MARRIAGE, VOTE POSSIBLE IN JANUARY". Radio Prague. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  74. ^ "Guess who's coming to dinner? LGBTQ couple could win Christian Democrats' marriage contest". Radio Prague. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-02-27.
  75. ^ Krutilek, Ondřej (10 January 2019). "Zeman zvažuje, že bude vetovat zákon o sňatcích homosexuálních párů". iDNES.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  76. ^ "Zeman uvažuje o vetu případného uzákonění manželství homosexuálů". ČTK (in Czech). Novinky.cz. 10 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  77. ^ Pisani, Benedetta (30 April 2021). "Same-Sex Marriage Bill Passes First Reading In Chamber of Deputies". Brno Daily. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  78. ^ "Czech lawmakers give nod to same-sex marriage, final vote uncertain". Reuters. 29 April 2021.
  79. ^ Nattrass, William (7 October 2021). "Elections 2021: Where do Czech political parties stand on same-sex marriage?". Expats.cz.
  80. ^ Hutt, David (2022-06-13). "Is the Czech Republic about to legalise same-sex marriage?". Retrieved 2022-06-24.
  81. ^ "Generál Pavel lituje minulosti v KSČ. Podpořil by eutanazii, trest smrti odmítá". iDNES.cz. 30 August 2022.
  82. ^ Muller, Robert; Lopatka, Jan (2023-01-28). "Retired Czech general Pavel wins presidential election". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
  83. ^ "Babiš podpořil uzákonění sňatků homosexuálů. Chce, aby měli stejná práva jako manželé". Aktuálně.cz. 7 April 2019.
  84. ^ "Koho Volit v Prezidentských Volbách 2023?". Jsme fér (in Czech). 20 January 2023.
  85. ^ "Czech parliament divided about same-sex marriage". Christian Network Europe. 2 June 2023.
  86. ^ Smith, Thomas (17 May 2023). "On International Day of Homophobia, Czechia grapples with same-sex marriage legalization". expats.cz.
  87. ^ "Sněmovna řešila manželství pro všechny. V proslovech došlo i na neomarxismus". Seznam Zprávy. 1 June 2023.
  88. ^ Benešová, Stanislava (13 June 2023). "Sněmovno, hlasuj! Iniciativa vyzvala politiky, aby jednala o manželství pro všechny". Novinky.cz (in Czech).
  89. ^ "Czech lawmakers give first nod to same-sex marriage bill, opposition ahead". Reuters. 29 June 2023.
  90. ^ "Large global corporations call on Czech PM to accept same-sex marriage". Expats.cz. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  91. ^ "Over 60 Czech Firms Ask PM Fiala To Support Same-Sex Marriage". Brno Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  92. ^ "Návrh: Stejnopohlavní páry by mohly vstupovat do partnerství s právy manželů". České Noviny (in Czech). 1 November 2023.
  93. ^ "Strany chtějí jednat o názvu partnerství místo manželství pro všechny". České Noviny (in Czech). 6 February 2024.
  94. ^ "Právní výbor nepodpořil žádnou úpravu k svazku pro stejnopohlavní páry. Jde zejména o práva k dětem". iRozhlas (in Czech). 14 February 2024.
  95. ^ Salerno, Rob (28 February 2024). "Czech lower house rejects equal marriage bill". Los Angeles Blade. Prague.
  96. ^ "Czech lawmakers approve more rights for same-sex couples, just not marriage". Reuters. 28 February 2024.
  97. ^ "Starokatolická církev schválila možnost žehnání stejnopohlavním partnerství". Deník (in Czech). 14 October 2022.
  98. ^ "Historic Move: Old Catholic Church in Czechia to Allow Same-Sex Ceremonies". Prague Morning. 30 June 2024.
  99. ^ "Church's move to allow blessing of same-sex unions shows believers "really support equality"". Radio Prague International. 29 May 2023.
  100. ^ Flynn, JD (2023-12-22). "Is the 'false narrative' narrative a false narrative?". The Pillar. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
  101. ^ "Katoličtí kněží smějí žehnat homosexuálním párům, schválil papež. Obřad se ale nesmí podobat sňatku". iRozhlas (in Czech). 18 December 2023.
  102. ^ "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues". Pew Research Center. 29 October 2018.
  103. ^ "Poll: Most Czechs for same-sex marriages". Prague Daily Monitor. 20 April 2018.
  104. ^ Poll finds overwhelming support for equal marriage in Czech Republic, PinkNews, 20 April 2018
  105. ^ "Průzkum: 61 % Čechů souhlasí s manželstvím párů stejného pohlaví a podpora nadále roste. Podporují jej také známé osobnosti!". nakluky.cz (in Czech). 20 January 2019.
  106. ^ "Průzkum 2019: 75 % lidí souhlasí s registrovaným partnerstvím. Pozitivní postoj ke gayům a lesbám má ve společnosti vzestupnou tendenci". nakluky.cz (in Czech). 7 June 2019.
  107. ^ "Czech support for legalizing same-sex marriage slightly up". Budapest Business Journal. 26 January 2020.
  108. ^ "Support for LGBT+ rights soaring in the Czech Republic with two-thirds backing marriage equality". PinkNews. 25 January 2020.
  109. ^ "Nine Percent of Czechs Feel That Same-Sex Marriage Would Make Their Lives Worse, Says Poll". Brno Daily. 7 February 2024.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic&oldid=1256165910"