Raymond Victor Steed (1 October 1928 – 26 April 1943) was the second youngest British services recruit to die during the Second World War. He was just 14 years and 207 days old when the ship on which he was a galley boy, SS Empire Morn, was blown up after it hit a U-boat mine on 26 April 1943.[1][2][3] He was previously described by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission as "the youngest known British services death,"[1] but this was revised in February 2010, when it was confirmed Reginald Earnshaw was actually younger, at 14 years and 151 days.[4][5]
Raymond Victor Steed | |
|---|---|
 Steed, circa. 1937–1939. | |
| Born | 1 October 1928 St Mellons, Monmouthshire, Wales |
| Died | 26 April 1943 (aged 14) SS Empire Morn, Atlantic Ocean, off Casablanca, French Morocco |
| Buried | Ben M'Sik European Cemetery, Casablanca |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Merchant Navy |
| Rank | Galley Boy |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Africa Star, 1939 War Medal, Atlantic Star, 1939-1945 Star |
| Other work | Killed in action |
Early life
editRaymond Steed, the son of steelworker Wilfred and his wife Olive (née Bright), was born on 1 October 1928, at Rimperley Terrace, St Mellons, Monmouthshire, Wales. He was one of nine children. The family later moved to Christchurch Road, Newport, near Cardiff.[2]
Steed signed up to the British Merchant Navy Reserve Pool on 29 December 1942, two months after his 14th birthday. He joined his first ship, the former Royal Mail Line SS Atlantis, on the same day. Steed served as a steward's boy on the Atlantis, which had been converted into a hospital ship. He was awarded the Africa Star with clasp during Operation Torch, when Allied troops landed on the beaches of North Africa.[6][7] Steed left the ship three months later, in March 1943, to join the SS Empire Morn.[3]
Death
editSteed's service aboard Empire Morn, a 7,092 GRT catapult aircraft merchant ship built by Barrow-in-Furness-based Vickers-Armstrong Ltd in 1941,[8] started on 4 April 1943. The ship sailed from Milford Haven on that day, loaded with military equipment destined for Casablanca and Gibraltar. She arrived at Casablanca on 25 April, and then set off for Gibraltar. At 9:45 p.m. on 26 April 1943, the ship hit a U-boat mine off Rabat, Morocco at 34°08′N 07°58′W / 34.133°N 7.967°W.[8] A secondary explosion damaged the stern and blew out much of the crew accommodation. German records later revealed the Morn had detonated a mine laid on 10 April 1943, by U-boat 117.[2] When the order was given to abandon ship, a head count of crew found 21 men missing. Steed was among this number.[9]
Towed back into Casablanca, the damaged ship was expected to be declared a "total constructive loss"; however, it was refloated and towed to Gibraltar, by the tugs Lorient and Schelde, eventually arriving on 1 September 1943.[8] Steed's body was not discovered until two days after the sinking, on 28 April 1943. The remains of another crewman, 18-year-old Ordinary Seaman John Gardener, were found at the same time. Both had been killed instantly in the explosions. The bodies of the remaining 19 missing sailors were never found. Steed was posthumously awarded the 1939 War Medal, the Atlantic Star and the 1939-1945 Star.[2][7][10]
Steed and Gardener were buried at Ben M'Sik European Cemetery in Casablanca, Morocco, on 29 April with full military honours.[1] The captain of the Empire Morn attended the ceremony, as did his officers and members of the crew. The Empire Morn survived the war, serving as a storage hulk in Gibraltar.[8] It was sold in 1947 to F M Pereda, of Spain, and renamed San Antonio. The ship was towed to Cadiz, arriving on 12 March 1947 and again renamed, this time as Rio Pas. A new stern section was added during repairs. Morn was sold on again in 1962, to Maritima Colonial y de Comercio SA, of Spain. It was finally scrapped in 1973 in Santander, Spain.[2][6][11]
Memorial appeal
editA fund-raising appeal was launched to pay for a memorial statue for Steed in his home city of Newport in 2007.[6][12] The appeal has been supported by the Merchant Navy Association, the city council and Uskmouth Power Community Chest.[13][14]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Casualty details—Steed, Raymond Victor". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ a b c d e McGee, Billy (20 June 2007). "A Galley Boy Named Raymond Steed" (PDF). SS Treganna. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ a b "Raymond Victor Steed, youngest recorded service death of WWII". Fogbugz.com. 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ Second World War: Reginald Earnshaw, 14, Confirmed As Britain's Youngest Known Service Casualty | UK News | Sky News
- ^ Reid, Melanie (6 July 2009). "Youngest casualty Memorial for boy seaman 14". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.
- ^ a b c BBC News (30 July 2007). "Honour bid for youngest war hero". BBC. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ a b "WW2 Seamen's Medals—Image details—Medal listing of Steed, Raymond Victor" (fee usually required to view full original pdf of medal entitlement). DocumentsOnline. The National Archives. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Registry of Shipping and Seamen, Movement Cards—Image details—Ship Name: Empire Morn" (fee usually required to view full original pdf of movement records). DocumentsOnline. The National Archives. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- ^ mowbars.plus.com website (2008). "A Galley boy Named Raymond Steed". Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ "Huge crowds remember Sussex's war dead". The Argus. 11 November 2007. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ Mercantilemarine.org website (2008). "Raymond Victor Steed/Empire Morn". Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ Smith, Richard (30 July 2007). "The 14-year-old war hero". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ "NEWPORT GOOD CAUSES URGED TO APPLY FOR USKMOUTH POWER COMMUNITY CHEST FUNDS BY MONDAY 6 OCTOBER". Uskmouth Power Community Chest. 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ "Decision schedule" (PDF). Newport City Council. 14 July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
External links
edit- Catalogue description for record piece BT 382/3280, The National Archives. This document contains Steed's Merchant Navy service record.