Ratibida columnifera, commonly known as upright prairie coneflower,[2] Mexican hat,[3] and longhead prairie coneflower,[4] is a perennial species of flowering plant in the genus Ratibida in the family Asteraceae. It is native to much of North America and inhabits prairies, plains, roadsides, and disturbed areas from southern Canada through most of the United States to northern Mexico.[5]
| Ratibida columnifera | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Ratibida |
| Species: | R. columnifera
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ratibida columnifera | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Ratibida columnaris (Pursh) D.Don | |
Description
editR. columnifera has medium green, hairy stems that branch occasionally, growing to 30–91 cm (1–3 ft) tall. Leaves are also hairy and are deeply pinnate with 5 to 11 lobes. They are alternate and measure up to 15 cm (6 in) long and 5 cm (2 in) across. The petioles are up to 5 cm (2 in) long.[3]
The inflorescence at the top of the stem consists of 4 to 12 drooping, sterile ray florets that are yellow, brownish red, or brown with yellow borders, surrounding a central column which is up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The column is made up of numerous purplish disk florets, which open in bands starting at the base of the column and moving upwards.[6] Flowers appear June to September.[7]
It is similar to Ratibida tagetes, but the leaves of R. tagetes are closer to the flower, while the leaves of R. columnifera are further below on the stem.[8]
Distribution and habitat
editR. columnifera is native in the United States from Idaho to the west and north, Texas to the south, and Massachusetts to the east. In Canada, it is native in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.[9] The plant is also native in Northern Mexico.[10] Habitats include sunny sites with well-drained soil, such as upland prairies, pastures, roadsides, and open disturbed areas.[6][4]
Uses
editThe Zuni people use an infusion of the whole plant as an emetic.[11]
Cultivation
editPrairie coneflower is valued by gardeners for xeriscaping and native plant gardens for its color and rich fragrance. Grown in garden settings plants are often biennial, growing the first year and dying after blooming in the second year.[12] The prairie coneflower requires dry to medium soil moisture and rarely has serious disease or pest problems. It is hardy in USDA zones 4–9.[13]
References
edit- ^ "Ratibida columnifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ NRCS. "Ratibida columnifera". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Mexican Hat (Ratibida columnifera)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
- ^ a b "Ratibida columnifera page". www.missouriplants.com.
- ^ Stubbendieck, James L.; Stephan L. Hatch; L. M. Landholt (2003). North American Wildland Plants: A Field Guide (6 ed.). University of Nebraska Press. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-8032-9306-9.
- ^ a b "Know Your Natives – Mexican Hat". Arkansas Native Plant Society. 24 August 2021.
- ^ "Ratibida columnifera - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org.
- ^ Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
- ^ "Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online.
- ^ Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 59)
- ^ Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the plains : wild flowers of the Great Plains grasslands and hills. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 155. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
- ^ "Ratibida columnifera". Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
External links
edit
Media related to Ratibida columnifera at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Ratibida columnifera at Wikispecies
