The first radio broadcast in Poland happened on 1 February 1925 and the industry is still alive today.
National public radio broadcaster
editPolskie Radio (PR) is Poland's national public radio broadcaster and operates four national FM stations:
- Jedynka - Generalist radio station featuring news, sport and adult contemporary music
- Dwójka - High culture, including jazz and classical music, literature and drama
- Trójka - Alternative music radio featuring free-form programs, culture magazines and news
- Radio 24 - 24-hour news, current affairs and talk
Additionally, PR operates six DAB+ and Internet channels:
- Czwórka - Youth-focused alternative music radio featuring programs on lifestyle, sport and technology
- Chopin - 24-hour classical music channel
- Radio Dzieciom - Children-oriented service featuring educational and entertaining content
- Radio Kierowców - Drivers-oriented service featuring adult contemporary music, traffic reports and motorization news
- Radio dla Ukrainy - Ukrainian language service
- Radio Poland - International, external broadcasting service
National commercial networks
editRMF
edit- RMF FM - Adult contemporary hit radio station featuring news, sport and traffic reports
- RMF MAXX - Contemporary hit radio network
- RMF Classic - Classical music, film score, cultural news and literature
- RMF 24 - News and current affairs radio station featuring pop rock music
- Radio Gra/Jura/90/Alex - Local hot adult contemporary radio stations featuring regional news from Toruń, Wrocław, Częstochowa, Rybnik Coal Area, Cieszyn Silesia and Zakopane
Eurozet
edit- Radio Zet - Adult contemporary hit radio station featuring news, sport and traffic reports
- TOK FM - Progressive talk radio featuring news, current affairs, documentaries, interviews and discussions
- Złote Przeboje - Adult hits network with hits since the 80s
- Antyradio - Rock music radio featuring mainstream and alternative rock
- Radio Plus[1] - Classic hits network, with music from the 1980s serving as the core
- Radio Pogoda - Oldies music network featuring music from the 50s up to late 70s
- Meloradio - Contemporary hit radio network
- Rock Radio - Classic rock music network
- Chillizet - Easy listening music station featuring alternative, indie pop, lo-fi, soul, jazz and lifestyle and cultural programs
Time
edit- Radio Eska - Contemporary hit radio network
- Eska 2 - Polish music radio network
- Eska Rock - Active rock service
- VOX FM[2] - Dance music station featuring 80s, 90s and XXI century euro disco, eurodance, italo disco and disco polo mixed with contemporary hits from electronic dance music
- Radio Plus[3] - Classic hits network, with music from the 1980s serving as the core
Independent
edit- Radio Maryja - Catholic and far-right conservative talk service known for its direct involvement in politics, mainly Law and Justice political party support and taking positions against feminism, gay rights, liberal values, Donald Tusk and Civic Coalition, the "Islamisation" of Europe, Middle Eastern refugees and the EU
- Radio Wnet - Generalist radio station featuring conservative talk, cultural magazines and alternative music
- Radio Rekord - Dance music radio network featuring local news and interviews, broadcasting disco polo, pop and dance music
- Radio Fama - Contemporary hit radio network with greater emphasis on dance music
History
editInterwar era
editThe first message transmitted through radio in Poland was broadcast on 1 February 1925 (though foreign stations could be listened to in the country[4]) from the station of the Polish Radio Engineering Company in Mokotów, Warsaw. The programme announced the future creation of Polskie Radio. Polskie Radio was eventually established the next year and the first words, said by Janina Sztompkówna, were:
Halo, halo, tu Polskie Radio Warszawa, fala 480.[5]
Translation:
Hello, hello, this is Polskie Radio Warsaw, wave 480.
Local editions of Polskie Radio started being created all across the country, usually as initiatives of the places' citizens. After Warsaw, the radio was launched in Kraków on 15 February 1927, in Poznań on 29 April, in Katowice on 4 December, in Vilnius in 1928, and in L'viv and Łódź[6] in 1930. Polskie Radio Poznań was the first radio to report a football match (Warta Poznań v. Philips Eindhoven).[7]
World War II
editDuring the German occupation of Poland, radios were confiscated from citizens in order to stop them from listening to anti-Nazi broadcasts.[6] They were also used to spread propaganda, with stations in Gdańsk, Toruń, Poznań, Katowice, Warsaw, Kraków, Szczecin and Wrocław.[4]
Communist Poland
editAs people moved to Poland, the number of radios rose.[8] The radio became an important part of life for a person. The reorganisation of radio programs was a part of the process of rebuilding the economy.[9]
On 3 May 1953, Radio Free Europe started being transmitted to Poland from Munich. On 2 January 1976, Program IV of Polskie Radio was created.[6]
Late 20 and early 21st centuries
editAfter the fall of communism in Poland, many private radio stations were opened. The first private station was Radio Małopolska Fun, established on 15 January 1990. The first station which broadcast music—as well as the first commercial station—was Radio ZET established on 28 September the same year.[6][10] In the following years, many other popular stations were opened, such as Złote Przeboje, Eska and Radio Maryja.[11][12][13]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Joint network with Time
- ^ Shares format with three local radio networks - Norda FM, Warta FM and Radio WIelkopolska
- ^ Joint network with Eurozet
- ^ a b "Historia radia w Gdańsku (1926-1956)". forum.radiopolska.pl. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021. Requires login.
- ^ Mosur-Darowski, Przemysław (1 February 2021). ""Halo, halo, tu Polskie Radio Warszawa". Czego można było posłuchać w przedwojennej rozgłośni?". onet.pl. Onet. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d Jurczyk, Justyna (7 June 2021). "Hitoria radia w Polsce". radio.org.pl. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ "Magia radia - krótka historia polskiej radiofonii". polskieradio.pl. Polskie Radio. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Moritz, Katarzyna (28 June 2015). ""Tu Polskie Radio Gdańsk". 70 lat od pierwszego sygnału". trojmiasto.pl. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Daniluk, Jan (20 September 2018). "92 lata od powstania radia w Gdańsku". trojmiasto.pl. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ "20 lat temu wszytko się zaczęło..." radiozet.pl. Radio ZET. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ "Historia Radia Maryja". radiomaryja.pl. Radio Maryja. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Gąsior, Tomasz (23 May 2012). "Historia Radia Złote Przeboje". tomaszgasior.pl. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Mazur, Natalia (12 February 2011). "Radio S zmieniło Poznań. Pamiętasz jakie było 20 lat temu?". poznan.gazeta.pl. Gazeta.pl. Archived from the original on 2014-01-13. Retrieved 5 August 2021.