Prometejs (Russian: Прометей, English translation: Prometheus) was an organisation of the Latvian diaspora in the interwar Soviet Union. Its members were former Red Latvian riflemen and other Latvian communists and their family members who settled in the USSR after the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War. The organisation was disbanded in the early period of the Great Purge and many of its activists were murdered during the Latvian Operation of the NKVD.
Prometejs | |
| Formation | 1924 |
|---|---|
| Dissolved | July 16, 1937 |
| Location |
|
Official language | Latvian, Russian |
Chairman as at 1937 | Jūlijs Daniševskis |
Deputy Chairman as at 1937 | Fricis Bernovskis |
History
editThe organisation was established in 1924-1925.[1]
Education and communist indoctrination were among the priorities of Prometejs.[1][2][3] The organisation maintained a publishing house and printed periodicals and literature predominantly in the Latvian language for urban Latvians as well as for ethnic Latvian settlers living in rural areas.[1][2][3] Prometejs was among the largest and most important educational organisations of ethnic minorities in the USSR.[3]
The structure of Prometejs included the following sections:[3]
- Schooling and methodology
- Agriculture
- Music
- Arts
- Latgalian culture
- others
Prometejs published several magazines (including Celtne and Cīņas biedrs) and newspapers (including Komunāru Cīņa and Darbu Bērni).[3][2] The organisation owned several factories producing stationery in Moscow in Leningrad, a printing house.[1] In Moscow, Prometejs maintained a Latvian kindergarten, owned estates near Moscow, in Skhodnya and Ilyinskoye,[2]
The organisation maintained Latvian theatres in Moscow, Leningrad and Smolensk.[1] The Moscow-baset theatre Skatuve, established in 1932, was recognised as the best ethnic theatre in the USSR in 1933.[1]
Prometejs was disbanned by the Soviet authorities in July 1937 despite attempts to protect the organisation by high-ranking Latvian Soviet officials like Jūlijs Daniševskis (chairman of Prometejs) and Roberts Eidemanis who were eventually themselves arrested and executed.[2]
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![Former headquarters of Prometejs in Moscow, Smolensky Boulevard 3-5[4]](//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Moscow%2C_Smolensky_Boulevard_3-5C1.JPG/120px-Moscow%2C_Smolensky_Boulevard_3-5C1.JPG)
Former headquarters of Prometejs in Moscow, Smolensky Boulevard 3-5[4] -
Former building of the Latvian publishing house and other Latvian organisations in Moscow, Strastnoy Boulevard
![Former headquarters of Prometejs in Moscow, Smolensky Boulevard 3-5[4]](/wiki/File:Moscow,_Smolensky_Boulevard_3-5C1.JPG)
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Notable members
edit- Jānis Rudzutaks, revolutionary and member of the government of the USSR (honorary member)[1]
- Jēkabs Peterss, revolutionary and one of the founders of the Cheka (honorary member)[1]
- Jukums Vācietis, Red Army commander (honorary member)[1]
- Gustav Klutsis, Soviet Latvian artist[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Кувшинова Елена Евгеньевна (2022). ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЛАТЫШСКИХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЙ МОСКВЫ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ 1915–1938 ГГ., Вестник МПГУ "Исторические науки", 2022, №1 (45), 75 [Ye. Kuvshinova. Activities of Latvian cultural organisations in Moscow in the political conditions of 1915-1938. Published in Vestnik MPGU Istoricheskiye nauki (a publication of the Moscow State Pedagogical University)]
- ^ a b c d e Латышское просветительное общество "Прометей" [The Latvian educational society Prometejs] - Topography of Terror, a project by Memorial (society)
- ^ a b c d e Е.А. Чегодаев Вестник Академии наук РБ, 2012, том 17, № 4 [E.A. Chegodaev. Educational activities of the Latvian society "Prometejs" and theatre "Skatuve" in Bashkiria during the 1930s] - Vestnik Akademii nauk RB, 2012, tom 17, #4 (a publication of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
- ^ Прогулки по латышской Москве. Где жили и творили те, кем гордятся и кто вписан в историю [Walking the Latvian Moscow] - Baltnews.lv, 4 January 2018