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Polymorphidae

The thorny-headed worm family Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphinae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic, with no basal genera outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it. Polymorphus minutus is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.

Polymorphidae
Corynosoma wegeneri photomicrograph
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Palaeacanthocephala
Order: Polymorphida
Family: Polymorphidae
Meyer, 1931

Species

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Neoandracantha peruensis

Polymorphidae contains the following species:[a]

Andracantha

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Main article: Andracantha

Andracantha Schmidt, 1975 contains many species:

  • Andracantha baylisi (Zdzitowiecki, 1986) Zdzitowiecki, 1989
  • Andracantha clavata (Goss, 1940)
  • Andracantha gravida (Alegret, 1941) Schmidt, 1975
  • Andracantha mergi Lundström, 1942
  • Andracantha phalacrocoracis (Yamaguti, 1939)
  • Andracantha tandemtesticulata Monteiro, Amato & Amato, 2006
  • Andracantha tunitae (Weiss, 1914)

Ardeirhynchus

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Main article: Ardeirhynchus

Ardeirhynchus Dimitrova and Georgiev, 1994

  • Ardeirhynchus spiralis (Rudolphi, 1809)

Arhythmorhynchus

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Main article: Arhythmorhynchus

Arhythmorhynchus Lühe, 1911

Bolbosoma

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Main article: Bolbosoma

There are twelve species assigned to the genus Bolbosoma Porta, 1908

 
Proboscis, neck and trunk spines of a juvenile Bolbosoma turbinella. Bars is 200um.[1]

Corynosoma

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Main article: Corynosoma

Corynosoma Lühe, 1904 contains many species

 
A juvenile female Corynosoma australe with a detail of the proboscis. Bar on the left is 1mm and the bar on the right is 0.25mm.[1]
 
Male juvenile Corynosoma cetaceum with a detail of the proboscis, neck, and trunk spines. Bar on the left is 1mm and the bar on the right is 0.5mm.[1]

Diplospinifer Fukui, 1929

Filicollis

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Main article: Filicollis

Filicollis Lühe, 1911 contains two species.

Ibirhynchus

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Main article: Ibirhynchus

Ibirhynchus García-Valera, Pérez-Ponce de León, Aznar and Nadler, 2011

Neoandracantha

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Main article: Neoandracantha

Neoandracantha Amin & Heckmann, 2017 is a monotypic genus containing only Neoandracantha peruensis Amin & Heckmann, 2017[2]

Polymorphus

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Main article: Polymorphus

The genus polymorphus Lühe, 1911 uses amphipod crustaceans as intermediate hosts and various birds as final hosts. The genus used to be a larger group, but species that were formerly placed in the genus have now been placed in the genus Profilicollis based on morphological characteristics and the use of decapod crustaceans as intermediate hosts.[3]

Profilicollis

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Main article: Profilicollis

Profilicollis Meyer, 1931 contains many species:

Pseudocorynosoma

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Main article: Pseudocorynosoma

Pseudocorynosoma Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006 contains several species:

Southwellina

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Main article: Southwellina

Southwellina Witenberg, 1932 contains three species:

  • Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925)
  • Southwellina macracanthus (Ward and Winter, 1952)
  • Southwellina sacra Bhattacharya, Pande & Srivastaca, 2002

Tenuisoma

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Main article: Tenuisoma

Tenuisoma [4] contains one species:

  • Tenuisoma tarapungi[4]

T. tarapungi was found in the intestines of the red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus scopulinus) on the coast of Otago, New Zealand.[4]

Notes

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  1. ^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Fonseca, Michelle Cristie Gonçalves da, Knoff, Marcelo, Felizardo, Nilza Nunes, Torres, Eduardo José Lopes, Di Azevedo, Maria Isabel Nogueira, Gomes, Delir Corrêa, Clemente, Sérgio Carmona de São, & Iñiguez, Alena Mayo. (2019). Acanthocephalan parasites of the flounder species Paralichthys isosceles, Paralichthys patagonicus and Xystreurys rasile from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 28(3), 346-359. Epub June 13, 2019.https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019031
  2. ^ Amin, Omar M.; Heckmann, Richard A. (2017). "Neoandracantha peruensis n. gen. n. sp. (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) described from cystacanths infecting the ghost crab Ocypode gaudichaudii on the Peruvian coast". Parasite. 24: 40. doi:10.1051/parasite/2017038. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 5657191. PMID 29072573.  
  3. ^ B.B. Nickol, D.W.T. Crompton, and D.W. Searle (1999). "Reintroduction of Profilicollis Meyer, 1931, as a genus in Acanthocephala: Significance of the intermediate host." Journal of Parasitology 85(4):716-718
  4. ^ a b c Presswell, B., Bennett, J.D.L. & Smales, L.R. Morphological and molecular characterisation of a new genus and species of acanthocephalan, Tenuisoma tarapungi n. g., n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) infecting red-billed gulls in New Zealand, with a key to the genera of the Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931. Syst Parasitol 97, 25–39 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-019-09898-0
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