Pierre Semard (15 February 1887 – 7 March 1942) was a trade unionist, secretary general of the federation of railway-workers and leader of the French Communist Party (acting as its secretary general from 1924 to 1928). He was shot in prison by the Nazi occupiers in 1942, and is buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. He was key figure in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and a trade unionist in the Confédération générale du travail unitaire (CGTU) and Confédération générale du travail (CGT).
Pierre Semard | |
|---|---|
 Pierre Semard in a portrait published from the report of the 8th Congress of the PCF. January, 1936 | |
| Secretary General of the Communist Party of France | |
| In office July 8, 1924 – April 8, 1929 | |
| Preceded by | Louis Sellier |
| Succeeded by | Collective leadership |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 15, 1887 Bragny-sur-Saône, Saône-et-Loire, France |
| Died | 7 March 1942 (aged 55) Évreux, Eure, France |
| Political party | Communist Party of France French Section of the Workers' International (1916-1922) |
| Occupation | Politician, trade unionist |
Life
editChildhood and youth
editBorn on February 15, 1887 the year in Bragny-sur-Saône, department of Saône-et-Loire in the family of railway workers. He spent his childhood in Villeneuve-sur-Yonne, department of Yonne. He followed in the footsteps of his parents, from the age of 13 he also started working on the railway.[1]
Unionist militant
editFrom 1906 he took an active part in the trade union movement alongside Pierre Monatte and In 1916 he joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)
In 1921-1922 he was General Secretary of the Railway Workers' Trade Union, from 1922 to 1924 and again from 1933 to 1936 - General Secretary of the United Trade Union of Railway Workers.
Communist leader
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In November 1922, Semard met Lenin in Moscow with the company of Gaston Monmousseau. Lenin made concessions to his interlocutors, so that back in France, Semard justified the CGTU's membership in the SRI. He then joined the Communist Party in joint action against the occupation of the Ruhr. For thishe was arrested and imprisoned in 1923 for a few months in the Prison of Health. During his imprisonment, he wrote numerous articles in La Vie Ouvrière where he pleaded in particular for open mass unionism that did not assert any doctrine.
Despite these positions and his sympathy for anarcho syndicalism, which were far removed from those of the Communist International he became general secretary of the Communist Party in 1924.[2]
He was relieved of his position as general secretary in 1929 and became head of the Paris section of the PCF. In 1935 he was elected to the General Council of the Seine Department.
Return to unionism
editAfter being pushed away from the PCF's leadership he continued his unionist activities. From 1936 Secretary General of the United Federation of Railway Workers of France and Algeria, member of the Executive Committee of the General Confederation of Labor. He Supported the policy of nationalization of the railways by the government of Léon Blum.[3] He Provided assistance to the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War.
Second World War
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After the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact he was dismissed from his role as the Councillor of the Seine Department and returned to work as a railway worker and was later imprisoned on accounts of embezzlement.
During the German invasion of France he was evacuated to another prison. In the beginning of 1942, Pierre Semard was transferred from Bourges to the Gaillon internment camp where he found himself with common law prisoners. In March 6, he was sent to Évreux prison, delivered at their request as a hostage to the German authorities, he was shot on March 7, 1942 alongside other political prisoners.[4]
Works
edit- Pour le Front unique des transports, 1923
- La Guerre du Rif, 1925.
- Histoire de la Fédération des cheminots, 1934.
- Transports en commun bon marché, 1936.
- « Entretien avec Lénine à l'occasion du IIe congrès du profintern », (retranslated from the Russian), Lénine tel qu'il fut, souvenirs de contemporains, vol. 2, Moscou, 1959.
References
edit- ^ "Pierre Semard (1887-1942)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
- ^ "Article by Xavier Vigna in L'Humanité". L'Humanité. 2007.
- ^ Jacquet, Joseph. The railway workers in the social history of France.
- ^ Klarsfeld, Serge (1979). The Book of Hostages. Paris: The French publishers reunited. pp. 54–55.
Sources
edit- Article by Serge Wokilow in Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier, Éditions ouvrières.
- Philippe Robrieux, Histoire intérieure du parti communiste, Volume IV, Fayard, 1984.
External links
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