Philip of Cognac (early 1180s – after 1211[1]) was an illegitimate son of King Richard I of England,[2] by an unidentified mother.
Philip of Cognac | |
|---|---|
| Lord | |
| Known for | Illegitimate son of Richard I of England |
| Born | Philip Fitz Richard c. 1180 |
| Died | after 1211 |
| Nationality | English |
| Residence | Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France |
| Spouse(s) | Amelia of Cognac |
| Parents | Richard I of England |
Philip had reached adulthood by the end of the 1190s. His father married him to his ward, Amelia, the heiress of Cognac, France, in Charente. However, when she died without issue, Richard kept the castle, and handed it over to his seneschal, Robert of Thornham.[3]
The king was mortally wounded during the suppression of a revolt by Viscount Aimar V of Limoges in 1199, and died without legitimate heirs. The chronicler Roger of Howden claimed that later that same year:
"Philip, illegitimate son of King Richard of England, to whom the aforesaid king his father had granted the castle and honour of Cognac, slew the previously mentioned Viscount of Limoges in vengeance for his father."[4]
No other source corroborates this, or explicitly indicates that Aimar of Limoges's death was a violent one. However, Guiraut de Bornelh's planh (lament) for him, Planc e sospir, does suggest his death was unexpected.
A further reference to Philip is found in the pipe rolls for 1201 of his uncle, John, King of England: "Et Philippo f. R. Ricardi L m. de dono R." ("And to Philip, son of King Richard, fifty marks as a gift"), but little is known afterwards.[5]
In fiction
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William Shakespeare depicted Philip of Cognac as "Philip the Bastard" in his play, The Life and Death of King John (mid-1590s). In this, he is the son of Lady Faulconbridge, widow of Sir Robert Faulconbridge, and learns of his true paternity in the first scene:
- Madam, I would not wish a better father.
- He that perforce robs lions of their hearts
- May easily win a woman's.[6]
In reality, Philip's mother is not known.[7][8]
Another highly fictionalised version of Philip, played by Stephen Moyer, figures as the romantic hero of Princess of Thieves (2001), a made-for-TV Disney adventure for young viewers, in which Keira Knightley plays Gwyn, the daughter of Robin Hood. This follows the tradition, begun by John Mair and popularised by Walter Scott, of assigning the Hood legends to Richard's reign. In this, Robin Hood, his daughter and the outlaws help Philip win the throne from his uncle, Prince John, and Philip and Gwyn fall in love.[9][10]
References
edit- ^ Pryde 2003, p. 37.
- ^ Pryde 2003, p. 36-37.
- ^ "Comptes d'Alfonse de Poitiers", Archives historiques du Poitou, vol. 4, p. 21.
- ^ Roger of Howden, Chronica, vol. 4, p. 97.
- ^ Hanley 2022, p. 374.
- ^ "SCENE I. KING JOHN'S palace". shakespeare.mit.edu.
- ^ Shaw, George Bernard (26 January 2022). Saint Joan. Renard Press Ltd. ISBN 9781913724658 – via Google Books.
- ^ Currie, Robin P. (30 August 2019). A Leopard Can't Change Its Spots: And Other Lies We're Told. Archway Publishing. ISBN 9781480880283 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ursini, James (1 March 2006). The Modern Amazons: Warrior Women On-Screen. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780879106911 – via Google Books.
- ^ Knight, Stephen Thomas (21 July 2003). Robin Hood: A Mythic Biography. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801438853 – via Google Books.
Sources
edit- "Comptes d'Alfonse de Poitiers" in Archives historiques du Poitou, vol. 4 (Poitiers, 1872) (available via external link to Gallica).
- John Gillingham, Richard Cœur de Lion: Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century (London, 1994).
- John Gillingham, Richard I (Yale, 1999).
- Hanley, Catherine (2022). Two Houses, Two Kingdoms: A History of France and England, 1100-1300. Yale University Press.374
- Oliver de Laborderie, "L'image de Richard Cœur de Lion dans La Vie et la Mort du roi Jean de William Shakespeare", in Janet L. Nelson (ed.) Richard Cœur de Lion in History and Myth (London, 1992).
- Pryde, E. B., ed. (2003). Handbook of British Chronology (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press.36-37
- Pipe Roll for the Third Year of the Reign of King John.
- Roger of Howden (ed. William Stubbs), Chronica, 4 vols. (London, 1868–71) (available via external link to Gallica).