Petru Comarnescu (23 November 1905 – 27 November 1970) was a Romanian literary and art critic and translator.
Born in Iași into a family that was related to the metropolitan bishop Veniamin Costache, he studied law at the University of Bucharest (degree in 1928), philosophy and philology (degree in 1929) before going in 1931 on a two-year[1] scholarship to the United States of America, where he received a PhD in aesthetics from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, with a thesis entitled The Nature of Beauty and Its Relation to Goodness (published later in Romanian in 1946 as Kalokagathon[2]).
Together with Mircea Vulcănescu and Alexandru Christian Tell, he started the Criterion association and magazine in 1934.[3] Before the Second World War, he published in several Romanian newspapers, for example Adevărul, Adevărul literar și artistic, Azi, Stânga, Arta, Excelsior, Da și nu, Ulisse and was an editor at Vremea (1931–1936), Rampa (1933–1934), Revista Fundațiilor Regale (from its foundation to 1943). Between 1944 and 1949 he published in Bis, Agora, Timpul, Arcades, Națiunea, and Universul.
Between 1949 and 1960, he was not allowed to publish under his own name, due to political reasons.[2] The only exceptions were monographies about painters or sculptors: Octav Băncilă (1954), Abgar Baltazar (1956), Viața și opera lui Rembrandt van Rijn ("The Life And Work of Rembrandt") (1957), Nicolae Grigorescu (1959), Ștefan Luchian (1960). Later, he would also write about other well-known Romanian visual artists, such as Gheorghe Petrașcu, Theodor Pallady, Nicolae Tonitza, Francisc Șirato, Ion Țuculescu, sometimes even in English The Romanian and the Universal in Brâncuși's Work (1970).
Trying to avoid being marginalized, he compromised with the Communist authorities, such as by joining the Romanian Workers' Party (Partidul Muncitoresc Român), later called the Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român). In 2014 Comarnescu was found to have been an informant for the Securitate.[4]
Alone or in cooperation with others, he translated from English or Russian works of D. H. Lawrence, Daniel Defoe, Sir Walter Scott, Mark Twain, Eugene O’Neill, J. B. Priestley, Howard Fast, Leo Tolstoi, Alexander Herzen, Alexander Gorchakov, Gleb Uspensky, Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Sasha Chorny, and Ilya Ehrenburg. He was critically acclaimed by his contemporaries, Camil Petrescu calling him "the leader" of their generation, Barbu Brezianu its "herald", Mircea Eliade its "magus".[5]
Comarnescu was married to Gina Manolescu-Strunga, the daughter of a liberal politician, but she had been in love with N. D. Cocea, a well-known writer and journalist, from the age of 17 (and by whom she would become pregnant after her marriage).[6][7] They divorced two years later.[6] Comarnescu was also a homosexual.[8][9]
He died at age 65 in Bucharest, and was buried at the Voroneț Monastery cemetery.
Memberships
edit- Member of the Romanian Writers' Association (Societatea Scriitorilor Români)(1945), and later of The Romanian Writers' Union (Uniunea Scriitorilor din R.S.R).
- Member of the Fine Arts Association of Romania (U.A.P.), Critics section. After facing opposition by some of the members he was finally accepted, being supported by Alexandru Rosetti, Tudor Vianu, Ion Frunzetti and Vlaicu Bârna.[5]
Awards and prizes
edit- Meritul Cultural clasa I (1946)
- Meritul Cultural în rang de Cavaler, clasa a II-a (1947)
- Ordinul Cultural în rang de Cavaler, clasa a II-a (1968)
- The Fine Arts Association of Romania's Criticism Prize (1965)
- Gold Medal of the International Association of Art Critics (AICA), on the occasion of the 16th congress held in Rimini, Italy.
Selected works
edit- Homo Americanus (1933)
- Zgârie-norii New York-ului (1933)
- America văzută de un tânăr de azi (1934)
- Răspântii- forme de viață culturală (1936)
- Artă și imagine (1939)
- Soluțiile artei în cultura modernă (1943)
- Giordano Bruno (1947)
- Chipurile și priveliștile Americii (1940)
- America. Lume nouă, viață nouă (1947)
- Chipurile și priveliștile Europei (posthumously) (1980)
- Pagini de Jurnal, Editura Noul Orfeu, Bucharest, 2003
Books about him
edit- Monica Ștefan (Grosu), Petru Comarnescu – un neliniștit în secolul său (PhD thesis, published as a monography).
References
edit- Al. Piru, Istoria Literaturii Române, Ed. Grai și suflet-Cultura națională, Bucharest, 1994
- Article about him in the Romanian newspaper Evenimentul
- ^ Mircea Eliade, Autobiography: Journey East, Journey West, Volume 1; Volumes 1907-1937
- ^ a b "Petre Comarnescu" (in Romanian). Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- ^ Bejan, Cristina A. (2019). Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania: The Criterion Association. Cham, Switzerland. ISBN 978-3-030-20164-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Lucian Boia, Dosarele secrete ale agentului Anton: Petru Comarnescu în arhivele Securității, Bucharest, Humanitas, 2014
- ^ a b "Centenar Petru Comarnescu" (in Romanian). Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- ^ a b "EVENIMENT: JURNALUL LUI PETRU COMARNESCU" (in Romanian). Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- ^ "Elogiu" (in Romanian). Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- ^ Arhiva (2011-11-02). "De la Panait Istrati până la nepotul lui Enescu, homosexualii români au fost constant oprimați". Evenimentul Zilei (in Romanian). Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ "IMPARȚIAL. Gabriel Liiceanu și Lucian Boia, despre impresionanta carieră de turnător a unui mare intelectual român". www.digi24.ro (in Romanian). 2014-08-31. Retrieved 2023-12-12.