^Cox, Harold (2004). "Senate Members 'E'". Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2004. Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
^Cox, Harold (2004). "Senate Members 'S'". Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2004. Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
^ abCox, Harold (2004). "Senate Members 'F'". Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2004. Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
^Cox, Harold (2004). "Senate Members 'M'". Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2004. Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
^Cox, Harold (2004). "Senate Members 'P'". Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2004. Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Retrieved January 22, 2020.