Marciano Pedro Durruti Domingo (León, March 6, 1911–Ferral del Bernesga, August 22, 1937), younger brother of Buenaventura Durruti, was a Spanish syndicalist and anarchist turned Falangist revolutionary. Shot on orders from Francisco Franco, the poet, writer and anarcho-syndicalist journalist Victoriano Crémer defined him as an "anarcho-falangist."[1][2]
Pedro Durruti | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Marciano Pedro Durruti Domingo March 6, 1911 León, Spain |
| Died | August 22, 1937 (aged 26) Ferral del Bernesga, Spain |
| Political party | CNT (1934–1936) FE de las JONS (1936–1937) |
Biography
editPedro was born in León on March 6, 1911. He was the youngest of eight siblings born of the marriage between Santiago Durruti, a railroad worker, and Anastasia Domingo. Following in the footsteps of his older brother, he joined the ranks of the anarchists, but soon, his nationalist ideas would begin to alienate him from the CNT, being more drawn to the ideals of national syndicalism.[3]
On May 3, 1935, Pedro attended a meeting with Syndicalist Party leader Ángel Pestaña. Attended by José Antonio Primo de Rivera and Diego Abad de Santillán, the meeting was facilitated by the friendship between the union leader Pestaña, Pedro Durruti, and the Falangist Luys Santa Marina, inventor of the blue shirt. Pestaña, having been expelled from the CNT in 1931, had separated from anarchism with the Manifiesto de los Treinta while also levying criticism against USSR, where he was a delegate at a meeting of the Comintern: "People on the road to freedom will never produce despots."[4]
Soon after, Pedro would join the Falange proper on February 5, 1936, endorsed by José Antonio Primo de Rivera himself and being assigned card number 1501 on April 1.[1] His sister, Rosa Durruti, personally embroidered the yoke and arrows on his blue Falange uniform. Pedro soon made arrangements for a meeting between his older brother Buenaventura Durruti, leader of the Iberian Anarchist Federation, and José Antonio Primo de Rivera, leader of the FE de las JONS. Attempting to form an "Italian model in the style of Mussolini", his efforts to consummate such an alliance between the two forces failed, with Buenaventura's answer being a premonitory rejection: "You will see what payment the fascists will give you."[2][5]
In 1937, amidst the Spanish Civil War, Pedro was imprisoned in the San Marcos prison in Leon. At 26 years old and dressed in the blue overalls of the Falange with his arm raised, Pedro Durruti was shot by a firing squad in El Ferral de Bernesga, León, at six o'clock in the afternoon of August 22, 1937. Accused of participating in Manuel Hedilla's conspiracy, Durruti was a victim of the purges by the Francoists against those members of the Falange accused of being leftists, as was the case of the orthodox followers of Ramiro Ledesma Ramos. Denigrated as "a robber like his brother Buenaventura", the exact reason for his death was due to concerns that he had joined the Falange solely to infiltrate it with socialists and sow division among the nationalist faction.[5][4]
References
edit- ^ a b "- EL MUNDO | Suplemento cronica 596 - El hermano falangista de Durruti". www.elmundo.es. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ a b "MARCIANO PEDRO DURRUTI: LA HISTORIA DEL "OTRO" DURRUTI ANARCOFALANGISTA – CGT Murcia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "José María García de Tuñón Aza, La causa de Marciano, el hermano falangista de Buenaventura Durruti, El Catoblepas 118:9, 2011". www.nodulo.org. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ a b "Consigna: matar al hermano falangista de Durruti". www.larazon.es (in Spanish). 2021-12-14. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ a b "José María García de Tuñón Aza, Marciano Pedro Durruti Domingo, El Catoblepas 86:21, 2009". www.nodulo.org. Retrieved 2023-07-06.