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Pedro Alonso Niño (c. 1455 – c. 1505)[1] was known in his time as Peralonso Niño, he was a Spanish navigator and discoverer.[2] He piloted the Santa María during Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492,[1] and accompanied him on his second voyage in 1493.
Pedro Alonso Niño | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Painting of Pedro Alonso Niño in the Monasterio de La Rábida | |
| Born | c. 1455 |
| Died | c. 1505 |
| Known for | Explorer |
Biography
editNiño was born in Moguer, Spain. His father was Alfon Perez Niño, a Spanish sailor. He was married twice, to Juana Muñiz and Leonor de Boria, and sired four famous sailor children namely Pedro Alonso, Francisco, Juan, and Cristobal Niño.[2] He was nicknamed "El negro" for his involvement in the African slave trade.[3]
He explored the west coast of Africa in his early years and many other places.[4] Niño guided Columbus and navigated the Atlantic Ocean as he piloted the Santa María during Christopher Columbus's expedition of 1492,[5] and accompanied him during his third voyage that saw the discovery of Trinidad and the mouths of the Orinoco River. After returning to Spain, Niño made preparations to explore the Indies independently, looking for gold and pearls. Empowered by the Council of Castile to seek out new countries, avoiding those already found by Columbus, he committed to give 20% of his profits to the Spanish Crown (see quinto real).
In the company of brothers Luis and Cristóbal de la Guerra, respectively a rich merchant and a pilot, he left San Lucas in May 1499, and, after twenty-three days, they arrived at Maracapana. Visiting the islands of Isla Margarita, Coche, and Cubagua, they exchanged objects of little value for a large number of pearls before sailing up the coast to Punta Araya, where they discovered salt mines.
After just two months they were back in Baiona, Spain, loaded with wealth. However, they were accused of cheating King Ferdinand II out of his portion of the spoils.[4] Arrested, and with his property confiscated, Niño died before the conclusion of his trial.
Death
editPedro died around 1505.[1]
Legacy
editThere is a monument to Pedro Alonso Niño in the Convent of San Francisco in Moguer, Spain.[6] In 1940, Niño was honored with one of the 33 dioramas at the American Negro Exposition in Chicago.[7]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c Clark, J.M.H. (1 June 2016). "Niño, Pedro Alonso". Oxford African American Studies Center. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.74670. ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ a b Varela Marcos, Jesus (20 September 2019). "Biography of Pedro Alonso Niño". Royal Academy of History of Spain (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ González Cruz, David (2012). Descubridores de América, Colón, los marinos y los puertos. SILEX EDICIONES. p. 152. ISBN 9788477377399.
- ^ a b . New International Encyclopedia. Vol. XIV. 1905.
- ^ Alice Bache Gould, Nueva Lista Documentada De Los Tripulantes De Colon En 1492, Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia, Tomo CLXX, Número II, 1973, passim., including p. 80. However, as noted on p. 293, some near-contemporaries place him as pilot of La Niña.
- ^ Ropero-Regidor, Diego (February 2019). "Los lugares colombinos de Huelva: historia, cultura y naturaleza". Revista PH (in Spanish) (96). Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico: 58–67. doi:10.33349/2019.96.4292. ISSN 2340-7565.
- ^ "American Negro Exposition 1863-1940, July 4 to Sept. 2, 1940, Chicago, IL" (PDF). Living History of Illinois. p. 10. (7. Pietro Alonso, Pilot of the Santa Maria)
References
edit- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana. This source gives around 1455 as the year of his birth.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.