Peabody Museum of Salem

	Peabody Museum of Salem
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	View of East India Marine Hall exterior, 2013
Location	Essex St., Salem, Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°31′18″N 70°53′36″W / 42.52167°N 70.89333°W
Area	1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built	1825
NRHP reference No.	66000783
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966
Designated NHL	December 21, 1965

The Peabody Museum of Salem (1915–1992), formerly the Peabody Academy of Science (1865–1915), was a museum and antiquarian society based in Salem, Massachusetts.^[2] The academy was organized in part as a successor to the East India Marine Society (founded 1799), which had become moribund but held a large collection of maritime materials in a museum collection at the East India Marine Hall, built in 1825 on Essex Street. The Peabody Museum was merged with the Essex Institute to form the Peabody Essex Museum in 1992. The East India Marine Hall, now embedded within the latter's modern structure, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 in recognition of this heritage, which represents the nation's oldest continuously-operating museum collection.

History

The Peabody Academy of Science (1868–1915), successor to the East India Marine Society, "was organized in 1868, having received funds ... from George Peabody of London ... for the 'promotion of science and useful knowledge in the county of Essex.'"^[3] It was incorporated by "Asa Gray, of Cambridge, William C. Endicott, of Salem, George Peabody Russell, of Salem, Othniel C. Marsh, of New Haven, ... Henry Wheatland, of Salem, Abner C. Goodell, junior, of Salem, James R. Nichols, of Haverhill, ... Henry C. Perkins, of Newburyport, and S. Endicott Peabody.^[4]

The academy maintained a museum that displayed animals, fossils, minerals, and plants, as well as ethnological artifacts such as weapons, costume, tools, statuary, and musical instruments.^[5] In 1915 the Academy changed its name to the "Peabody Museum of Salem."^[6]

As of 1949 the museum organized its holdings into three departments: ethnology, maritime history, and natural history. The museum's ethnology division included specimens from Hawaii, Japan, Marquesas Islands, and New Zealand.^[7]

The museum displayed its collections in the East India Marine Hall, expanded in 1953 with the Crowninshield Galleries.^[8] Museum staff included Ernest Stanley Dodge^[9] and Walter Muir Whitehill.^[10]

In 1984 the China Trade Museum of Milton, Massachusetts, merged with the Peabody Museum.^[11]^[12] In 1992 the Peabody Museum merged with the Essex Institute to form the Peabody Essex Museum.^[13]

East India Marine Hall

East India Marine Hall, 2015

The East India Marine Hall was built in 1824–25 for the East India Marine Society to house its collection. Design of the building has most recently been ascribed to Thomas Waldron Sumner. It stands on the south side of Essex Street and is now integrated into the body of the Peabody Essex Museum. As built, it was a two-story structure, faced in granite on the front (Essex Street facade), and brick on the sides, measuring about 45 by 100 feet (14 m × 30 m). The main facade has been preserved; it has six rectangular bays on the main floor and seven tall round-arch windows on the second level. The gable pediment is fully enclosed, with a round window in the tympanum.^[14]

The interior of the building has been repeatedly altered over the years, losing a significant amount of original detail in the process. The first floor, which was originally occupied by retail businesses, was adapted as a museum space in 1867–69, following its acquisition by the Peabody Academy of Science. As part of this alteration, entrances on the main facade were closed off, and new entrances were added to the east and west. The first floor has since been completely integrated into the newer facilities built by the Peabody Essex Museum in the 2000s. The upper level of the hall, designed as a ballroom and auditorium space, has always been retained as a large open gallery, but lost a significant amount of historic fabric in the 1860s alterations.^[14]

The hall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966, in recognition for its unique place as one of the oldest continuously-used museum spaces in the United States.^[1]^[14]^[15]

References

^ ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ Massachusetts (1915), "An Act To Change The Name Of The Trustees Of The Peabody Academy Of Science To Peabody Museum Of Salem And To Authorize Said Corporation To Hold Additional Real And Personal Estate", Acts and resolves passed by the General Court of Massachusetts
^ Charles Edward Trow (1905). Old Shipmasters of Salem. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
^ An act to incorporate the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science, 1868
^ Visitor's Catalogue of the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science. Salem, Mass.: Peabody Academy of Science. 1879.
^ Massachusetts (1915), "An Act to Change the Name of the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science to Peabody Museum of Salem", Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts
^ Ernest S. Dodge (1949). "Ethnology Department". Handbook to the Collections of the Peabody Museum of Salem. pp. 1–21. hdl:2027/mdp.39015023950754.
^ ^a ^b Walter Muir Whitehill (1962), "Peabody Museum of Salem", Independent historical societies: an enquiry into their research and publication functions and their financial future, Boston Athenæum, OL 5873465M
^ "Ernest Stanley Dodge". WorldCat.
^ "Walter Muir Whitehill". Boston Athenaeum.
^ Peter Fetchko (1987). "New England Voyages: A New Approach to the Interpretation of the Collections of the Peabody Museum of Salem". Pacific Arts Newsletter (25). Pacific Arts Association: 18–19. JSTOR 23409002.
^ "Asian Export Art". Peabody Essex Museum. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
^ "Museum history". Peabody Essex Museum. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "NHL nomination for Peabody Museum of Salem". National Park Service. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
^ "NHL summary for Peabody Museum of Salem". National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 26, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2014.