Patriotic Front (Zambia)

The Patriotic Front (PF) is a political party in Zambia, founded in 2001 by Michael Sata. It emerged as a breakaway party from the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) after Sata was not selected as the MMD's presidential candidate for the 2001 elections. The PF is primarily supported by the youth and the urban poor, and it gained significant political influence over time.

Patriotic Front
PresidentMiles Sampa
Secretary-GeneralMorgan Ng'ona
FounderMichael Sata
Founded2001 (2001)
Split fromMMD
HeadquartersFarmer House, Cairo Road, Lusaka
IdeologySocial democracy
Social conservatism[1]
Political positionCentre-left[1]
International affiliationSocialist International (consultative)[2]
Colours  Black
  Blue
  Green
  White
Slogan"For Lower Taxes, More Jobs and More Money in Your Pockets"
National Assembly
60 / 156
Pan African Parliament
2 / 5
Election symbol
Boat
Website
Facebook page

The party first came to power after winning the 2011 general elections, with Michael Sata winning the presidential election. After Sata's death in 2014, Edgar Lungu became the party's leader and won subsequent presidential elections in 2015 and 2016. However, in the 2021 elections, the PF lost power to the United Party for National Development (UPND) led by Hakainde Hichilema.

The PF is associated with Social democracy[3][1] and has been a member of the Socialist International as a consultative party. Its political position is considered center-left.

Formation and history

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The Patriotic Front was formed as a political party in 2001. In 2000, after Chiluba lost a bid to change the constitution to allow him to stand for a third term, Michael Sata thought he would be endorsed as the MMD presidential candidate. The answer was given in 2001 when Chiluba noted that none of those (including Sata) who were in his government at the time were capable of winning the elections. At a secret ballot, Chiluba personally nominated Mwanawasa and voted for him to be the presidential candidate.[4] Angered by this turn of events, Sata quit the MMD and founded the PF.[5] At the same time, notable figures like Christon Tembo, Godfrey Miyanda and Edith Nawakwi formed the Forum for Democracy and Development (FDD) Party. Sata became leader of the PF and was its presidential candidate for the 2001 general elections; he received 3.4% of the vote, finishing seventh out of the eleven candidates. In the National Assembly elections the party received 2.8% of the vote, winning a single seat.

Sata was again the party's presidential candidate in the 2006 general elections, this time finishing second to Levy Patrick Mwanawasa with 29% of the vote. With its National Assembly vote share increasing to 23%, the party won 43 seats, becoming the largest opposition party. Following Mwanawasa's death, a presidential by-election was held in 2008. Sata finished second to MMD candidate Rupiah Banda with 38% of the vote to Banda's 40%.

The 2011 general elections saw a reversal of the 2008 result, with Sata beating Banda by a margin of 42% to 35%. The PF also became the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 60 of the 150 seats. However, Sata died in office in October 2014. Vice-President Guy Scott took over as interim president until a by-election was held in January 2015. Edgar Lungu was selected as the party's candidate, and won the election with 48% of the vote.

In 2016, Edgar Lungu won again as the president with 50.35%, beating Hakainde Hichilema by 100,530 votes or 2.72%.

In the lead up to the 2021 general election, Amnesty International publicly raised concerns about the violation of civil liberties, crackdowns on dissent and police killings while the party held political power.[6]

At the 2021 general election, Edgar Lungu was once again the party's candidate. The PF came out second at that election, getting 1,870,780 votes while Hakainde Hichilema of the UPND got 2,852,348 votes.[7] The PF once again became the largest opposition party, winning 60 of the 156 parliamentary seats.

Electoral history

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Presidential elections

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Election Party candidate Votes % Result
2001 Michael Sata 59,172 3.40% Lost  N
2006 804,748 29.37% Lost  N
2008 683,150 38.13% Lost  N
2011 1,170,966 41.98% Elected  Y
2015 Edgar Lungu 807,925 48.33% Elected  Y
2016 1,860,877 50.35% Elected  Y
2021 1,870,780 38.71% Lost  N

National Assembly elections

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Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Outcome
2001 49,362 2.82%
1 / 159
  1   7th Opposition
2006 622,864 22.96%
43 / 159
  42   2nd Opposition
2011 1,037,108 38.42%
60 / 159
  17   1st Minority government
2016 1,537,946 42.01%
80 / 156
  20   1st Majority government
2021 1,722,718 35.70%
60 / 156
  20   2nd Opposition

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Zambia - Africa Elects". africaelects.com. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  2. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20131216005724/https://www.socialistinternational.org/images/dynamicImages/files/Council%20decisions-1.pdf Decisions of the Council
  3. ^ "Zambia". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  4. ^ Presidential term limits in Africa by Daniel Vencovsky Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine AfricaFiles
  5. ^ Shingi (27 September 2008). "Who will be Zambia's next president?". Knowledge for Development. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  6. ^ "Zambia: Killings and brutal crackdown against dissent set the tone for August election". www.amnesty.org. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  7. ^ Mfula, Chris (16 August 2021). "Zambia opposition leader Hichilema wins landslide in presidential election". Reuters. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
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