Pan (programming language)

Pan
Paradigm	Declarative Language
Stable release	10.3 October 5, 2016
Typing discipline	Strong, dynamic
OS	Cross-platform
License	Apache License 2.0
Filename extensions	.pan, .tpl (deprecated)
Website	quattor.org
Major implementations
	panc

The pan configuration language allows the definition of machine configuration information and an associated schema with a simple, human-accessible syntax. A pan language compiler transforms the configuration information contained within a set of pan templates to a machine-friendly XML or JSON format.

The pan language is used within the Quattor toolkit to define the desired configuration for one or more machines. The language is primarily a declarative language where elements in a hierarchical tree are set to particular values. The pan syntax is human-friendly and fairly simple, yet allows system administrators to simultaneously set configuration values, define an overall configuration schema, and validate the final configuration against the schema.

Implementation

The compiler panc serves as the de facto reference implementation of the language and is implemented in Java, though at present it is not possible to execute the compiler with OpenJDK.

A configuration is defined by a set of files, called templates, written in the pan language. These templates define simultaneously the configuration parameters, the configuration schema, and validation functions. Each template is named and is contained in a file having the same name. The syntax of a template file is simple:

[ object | declaration | unique | structure ] template template-name;
[ statement … ]

These files may contain comments that start with the hash sign ('#') and terminate with the next new line or end of file.

Types

There are five primitive, atomic types in the pan language:

boolean
long
double
string
link

There are two primitive collection types:

list (an ordered list/array of elements)
nlist (Named list associates a string key with a value, similar to hashes, dictionaries or associative arrays)

Users can create new types built up from the primitive types with optional validation functions to enforce specific constraints for particular fields.

Template types

There are five different types of templates that are identified by the template modifier:

Ordinary templates

An ordinary template uses no template modifier in the declaration. These templates may contain any pan statement, but statements must operate only on absolute paths.

Object templates

Object templates can be thought of as the root of each generated XML configuration profile. The pan compiler will generate an XML profile for each processed object template. In all other respects, they are the same as ordinary templates.

Declaration templates

These templates may contain only those pan statements that do not modify the machine profile. A declaration template will only be executed once for each processed object template no matter how many times it is included.

Unique templates

A template defined with the unique modifier behaves like an ordinary template except that it will only be included once for each processed object template.

Structure templates

Structure templates are a convenient alternative for creating nlists and are used via the create function. A template declared with the structure modifier may only contain include statements and assignment statements that operate on relative paths. Any include statements may only reference other structure templates.