PVSRIPO, or PVS-RIPO, is the name of a modified polio virus that has recently shown promise for treating cancer. It is the focus of clinical trials being conducted at Duke University.[1]
| PVSRIPO | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
| Order: | Picornavirales |
| Family: | Picornaviridae |
| Genus: | Enterovirus |
| Species: | |
| Strain: | PVSRIPO
|
PVS-RIPO consists of a genetically modified nonpathogenic version of the oral poliovirus Sabin type 1. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) on the poliovirus was replaced with the IRES from human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2), to avoid neurovirulence. Once administered, the virus enters and begins replicating within cells that express CD155/Necl5, which is an onco-fetal cell adhesion molecule that is common across solid tumors.[2]
A website at Duke University describes many of properties of PVSRIPO, and historical background about using viruses to oppose cancer.[3] According to that website,
The FDA approved clinical trials with PVS-RIPO in brain tumor patients recently. Since May 2012, five brain tumor patients have been treated. Remarkably, there have been no toxic side effects with PVS-RIPO whatsoever, even at the highest possible dose (10 billion infectious virus particles).
The potential value of PVSRIPO was the focus of a 2015 story on 60 Minutes.[4]
In May 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration granted it breakthrough therapy designation for glioblastoma.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Brown, Michael C.; Dobrikova, Elena Y.; Dobrikov, Mikhail I.; Walton, Ross W.; Gemberling, Sarah L.; Nair, Smita K.; Desjardins, Annick; Sampson, John H.; Friedman, Henry S.; Friedman, Allan H.; Tyler, Douglas S.; Bigner, Darell D.; Gromeier, Matthias (1 November 2014). "Oncolytic polio virotherapy of cancer". Cancer. 120 (21): 3277–3286. doi:10.1002/cncr.28862. PMC 4205207. PMID 24939611.
- ^ a b "Oncolytic Poliovirus Receives Breakthrough Designation for Glioblastoma". May 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
- ^ "Targeting Cancer with Genetically Engineered Poliovirus (PVS-RIPO)". The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center. Archived from the original on 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- ^ "Using polio to kill cancer: A producers' notebook". 60 Minutes Overtime. CBS News. 29 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.