PRKRA

Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator, also known as interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A or Protein ACTivator of the interferon-induced protein kinase (PACT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRKRA gene. PACT heterodimerizes with and activates protein kinase R. PRKRA mutations have been linked to a rare form of dystonia parkinsonism.

PRKRA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2DIX
Identifiers
Aliases	PRKRA, DYT16, PACT, RAX, HSD14, protein activator of interferon induced protein kinase EIF2AK2
External IDs	OMIM: 603424; MGI: 1344375; HomoloGene: 2738; GeneCards: PRKRA; OMA:PRKRA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2q31.2 Start 178,431,292 bp End 178,451,512 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse) Band 2|2 C3 Start 76,460,242 bp End 76,478,359 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis right ventricle gastrocnemius muscle muscle of thigh thoracic diaphragm tibial arteries Descending thoracic aorta ganglionic eminence Top expressed in interventricular septum endocardial cushion medullary collecting duct fossa renal corpuscle medial ganglionic eminence condyle otic vesicle atrioventricular valve neural tube More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein homodimerization activity protein binding identical protein binding enzyme binding double-stranded RNA binding enzyme activator activity RNA binding pre-miRNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm membrane intracellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm perinuclear region of cytoplasm cytosol RISC-loading complex Biological process skeletal system morphogenesis response to virus outer ear morphogenesis pre-miRNA processing protein phosphorylation immune response middle ear morphogenesis cellular response to oxidative stress positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of cell population proliferation production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA positive regulation of catalytic activity protein stabilization miRNA metabolic process production of siRNA involved in RNA interference gene silencing viral process ear development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8575 23992 Ensembl ENSG00000180228 ENSMUSG00000002731 UniProt O75569 Q9WTX2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001139517 NM_001139518 NM_001316362 NM_003690 NM_011871 RefSeq (protein) NP_001132989 NP_001132990 NP_001303291 NP_003681 NP_036001 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 178.43 – 178.45 Mb Chr 2: 76.46 – 76.48 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Peters GA, Hartmann R, Qin J, et al. (2001). "Modular structure of PACT: distinct domains for binding and activating PKR". Mol Cell Biol. 21 (6): 1908–20. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.6.1908-1920.2001. PMC 86773. PMID 11238927.
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
• Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, et al. (2001). "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing". EMBO Rep. 1 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMC 1083732. PMID 11256614.
• Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R (2001). "TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway". Nat. Immunol. 2 (9): 835–41. doi:10.1038/ni0901-835. PMID 11526399. S2CID 7296195.
• Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC (2002). "The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)". Biochem. J. 366 (Pt 1): 175–86. doi:10.1042/BJ20020204. PMC 1222748. PMID 11985496.
• Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC (2002). "Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein". J. Virol. 76 (21): 11054–64. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002. PMC 136652. PMID 12368348.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Yang M, Ito T, May WS (2003). "A novel role for RAX, the cellular activator of PKR, in synergistically stimulating SV40 large T antigen-dependent gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (40): 38325–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303420200. PMID 12874289.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Bennett RL, Blalock WL, May WS (2004). "Serine 18 phosphorylation of RAX, the PKR activator, is required for PKR activation and consequent translation inhibition". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (41): 42687–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403321200. PMID 15299031.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature. 434 (7034): 724–31. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..724H. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621.
• Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0. PMID 16169070. S2CID 8235923.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
• Peters GA, Li S, Sen GC (2006). "Phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the PKR-activation domain of PACT is essential for its ability to mediate apoptosis". J Biol Chem. 281 (46): 35129–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.M607714200. PMID 16982605.
• Rowe TM, Rizzi M, Hirose K, Peters GA, et al. (2006). "A role of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT in mouse ear development and hearing". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103 (15): 5823–8. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.5823R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601287103. PMC 1458657. PMID 16571658.
• Li S, Peters GA, Ding K, et al. (2006). "Molecular basis for PKR activation by PACT or dsRNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103 (26): 10005–10. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310005L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602317103. PMC 1502496. PMID 16785445.
• Lee Y, Hur I, Park SY, et al. (2006). "The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway". EMBO J. 25 (3): 522–32. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600942. PMC 1383527. PMID 16424907.
• Bennett RL, Blalock WL, Abtahi DM, et al. (2006). "RAX, the PKR activator, sensitizes cells to inflammatory cytokines, serum withdrawal, chemotherapy, and viral infection". Blood. 108 (3): 821–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-11-006817. PMC 1617065. PMID 16861340.
• Peters GA, Seachrist DD, Keri RA, et al. (2009). "The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, PACT, is required for postnatal anterior pituitary proliferation". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106 (26): 10696–701. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610696P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900735106. PMC 2705576. PMID 19541653.