Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE (/ˈwʊdhaʊs/; 1881–1975) was a prolific English author, humorist and scriptwriter. After being educated at Dulwich College, to which he remained devoted all his life, he was employed by a bank, but disliked the work and wrote magazine pieces in his spare time.[1] In 1902 he published his first novel, The Pothunters, set at the fictional public school of St. Austin's; his early stories continued the school theme. He also used the school setting in his short story collections, which started in 1903 with the publication of Tales of St. Austin's.[2]
Novels↙ | 71 |
---|---|
Collections↙ | 24 |
Poems↙ | 1 |
Plays↙ | 42 |
Scripts↙ | 15 |
Letters↙ | 2 |
Autobiographies↙ | 3 |
Miscellany↙ | 2 |
References and footnotes |
Throughout his novel- and story-writing career Wodehouse created several regular comic characters with whom the public became familiar. These include Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves; the immaculate and loquacious Psmith; Lord Emsworth and the Blandings Castle set; the disaster-prone opportunist Ukridge; the Oldest Member, with stories about golf; and Mr Mulliner, with tales on numerous subjects from film studios to the Church of England.[1]
Wodehouse also wrote scripts and screenplays and, in August 1911, his script A Gentleman of Leisure was produced on the Broadway stage. In the 1920s and 1930s he collaborated with Jerome Kern and Guy Bolton in an arrangement that "helped transform the American musical" of the time;[3] in the Grove Dictionary of American Music Larry Stempel writes, "By presenting naturalistic stories and characters and attempting to integrate the songs and lyrics into the action of the libretto, these works brought a new level of intimacy, cohesion, and sophistication to American musical comedy."[4] His writing for plays also turned into scriptwriting, starting with the 1915 film A Gentleman of Leisure. He joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in 1930 for a year, and then worked for RKO Pictures in 1937.[5]
At the outbreak of the Second World War, and while living in northern France, Wodehouse was captured by the Germans and was interned for over a year. After his release he was tricked into making five comic and apolitical broadcasts on German radio to the still neutral US. After vehement protests in Britain, Wodehouse never returned to his home country, despite being cleared by an MI5 investigation. He moved to the US permanently in 1947 and took American citizenship in 1955, retaining his British nationality. He died in 1975, at the age of 93, in Southampton, New York, one month after he was awarded a knighthood of the Order of the British Empire (KBE). [1][6]
Novels
editInitially in chronological order by UK publication date, even when the book was published first in the US or serialised in a magazine in advance of publication in book form.
Short story collections
editIn chronological order by UK publication date, even when the book was published first in the US or serialised in a magazine in advance of publication in book form.
UK title[7][8][10][11][12] | Year of UK publication |
UK publisher (All publishers based in London) | US title | Year of US publication |
US publisher (All publishers based in New York) | Series | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tales of St. Austin's | 1903 | A & C Black | Tales of St. Austin's | 1923 | Macmillan Publishers | School | – | ||
The Man Upstairs | 1914 | Methuen Publishing | – | – | – | – | – | ||
The Man with Two Left Feet | 1917 | Methuen Publishing | The Man With Two Left Feet | 1933 | Doran | Jeeves | – | ||
My Man Jeeves | 1919 | Newnes | – | – | – | Jeeves | Many rewritten for Carry On, Jeeves | ||
Indiscretions of Archie | 1921 | Jenkins | Indiscretions of Archie | 1921 | Doran | – | – | ||
The Clicking of Cuthbert | 1922 | Jenkins | Golf Without Tears | 1924 | Doran | Golf | – | ||
The Inimitable Jeeves | 1923 | Jenkins | Jeeves | 1923 | Doran | Jeeves | Wodehouse's biographer, Richard Usborne, considers this a "loosely stitched novel of eighteen chapters which make ten separate stories in The Jeeves Omnibus"[13] | ||
Ukridge | 1924 | Jenkins | He Rather Enjoyed It | 1925 | Doran | – | – | ||
Carry On, Jeeves | 1925 | Jenkins | Carry On, Jeeves | 1927 | Doran | Jeeves | – | ||
The Heart of a Goof | 1926 | Jenkins | Divots | 1927 | Doran | Golf | – | ||
Meet Mr Mulliner | 1927 | Jenkins | Meet Mr Mulliner | 1928 | Doubleday, Doran | Mr. Mulliner | – | ||
Mr Mulliner Speaking | 1929 | Jenkins | Mr Mulliner Speaking | 1930 | Doubleday, Doran | Mr. Mulliner | – | ||
Very Good, Jeeves | 1930 | Jenkins | Very Good, Jeeves | 1930 | Doubleday, Doran | Jeeves | – | ||
Mulliner Nights | 1933 | Jenkins | Mulliner Nights | 1933 | Doubleday, Doran | Mr. Mulliner | – | ||
Blandings Castle and Elsewhere | 1935 | Jenkins | Blandings Castle | 1935 | Doubleday, Doran | Blandings Castle and Mr. Mulliner | – | ||
Young Men in Spats | 1936 | Jenkins | Young Men in Spats | 1936 | Doubleday, Doran | – | – | ||
Lord Emsworth and Others | 1937 | Jenkins | Crime Wave at Blandings | 1937 | Doubleday, Doran | Blandings Castle, Golf, Ukridge | – | ||
Eggs, Beans and Crumpets | 1940 | Jenkins | Eggs, Beans and Crumpets | 1940 | Doubleday, Doran | – | – | ||
Nothing Serious | 1950 | Jenkins | Nothing Serious | 1950 | Doubleday, Doran | Blandings Castle, Golf, Ukridge | – | ||
A Few Quick Ones | 1959 | Jenkins | A Few Quick Ones | 1959 | Simon & Schuster | Jeeves, Ukridge, Mr. Mulliner | – | ||
Plum Pie | 1966 | Jenkins | Plum Pie | 1967 | Simon & Schuster | Jeeves, Blandings, Ukridge, Mr. Mulliner | Short stories, poems, essay | ||
– | – | – | The Uncollected Wodehouse | 1976 | Seabury Press | – | – | ||
A Man of Means | 1991 | Porpoise Books | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Plum Stones | 1993 | Galahad Books | – | – | – | – | – | ||
Tales of Wrykyn and Elsewhere | 1997 | Porpoise Books | – | – | – | School | – | ||
– | – | – | Enter Jeeves | 1997 | Dover Publications | Jeeves, Reggie Pepper | Early Jeeves stories and all Reggie Pepper stories | ||
Kid Brady Stories and A Man of Means | 2013 | Everyman Books | Kid Brady Stories and A Man of Means | 2013 | The Overlook Press | Kid Brady | – |
Individual short stories
editWodehouse wrote more than 300 short stories.[14] Many of these stories were originally published in magazines and subsequently published in short story collections. Wodehouse also contributed other works to periodicals such as articles and poems, and some of Wodehouse's novels were originally serialised in magazines as well.[15]
Plays
editTitle[16][17][18][19][20] | Location of first performance | Date of first performance | Year of publication |
Publisher (All publishers based in London) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
After the Show | Unknown | 1911 | – | – | By Wodehouse and Herbert Westbrook |
A Gentleman of Leisure | Playhouse Theatre, New York | 24 August 1911 | – | – | By Wodehouse and John Stapleton; adaptation of Wodehouse's novel A Gentleman of Leisure |
A Thief for the Night | McVicker's Theater, Chicago | 13 March 1913 | – | – | By Wodehouse and John Stapleton; revival of A Gentleman of Leisure |
Brother Alfred | Savoy Theatre, London | 8 April 1913 | – | – | By Wodehouse and Herbert Westbrook; adaptation of Wodehouse's short story "Rallying Round Old George" |
Nuts and Wine | Empire Theatre, London | 4 January 1914 | – | – | By Wodehouse and C.H. Bovill |
Have a Heart | Liberty Theatre, New York | 11 January 1917 | 1913 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; music by Jerome Kern |
Oh Boy! | Princess Theatre, New York | 20 February 1917 | 1917 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; revised for the UK as Oh Joy! |
Leave It to Jane | Longacre Theatre, New York | 28 August 1917 | 1917 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; music by Jerome Kern |
Kitty Darlin' | Teck Theatre, Buffalo, New York | 19 September 1917 | 1918 | New York and Boston: G. Schirmer | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
The Riviera Girl | New Amsterdam Theatre, New York | 24 September 1917 | 1917 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
Miss 1917 | Century Theatre, New York | 5 November 1917 | 1917 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
Oh, Lady! Lady!! | Princess Theatre, New York | 1 February 1918 | 1918 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; music by Jerome Kern |
See You Later | Academy of music, Baltimore, Maryland | 15 April 1918 | 1918 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
The Girl Behind the Gun | New Amsterdam Theatre, New York | 16 September 1918 | 1918 | New York and London: Chappell & Co | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; revised for the UK as Kissing Time |
The Canary | Globe Theatre, New York | 4 November 1918 | – | – | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
Oh, My Dear! | Princess Theatre, New York | 27 November 1918 | 1918 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
The Rose of China | Lyric Theatre New York | 25 November 1919 | 1919 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton |
Sally | New Amsterdam Theatre, New York | 21 December 1920 | 1920 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse, Guy Bolton, Clifford Grey, Buddy De Sylva and Anne Caldwell; music by Jerome Kern |
The Golden Moth | Adelphi Theatre, London | 5 October 1921 | 1921 | London : Ascherberg, Hopwood & Crew | By Wodehouse and Fred Thompson |
The Cabaret Girl | Winter Garden Theatre, London | 19 September 1922 | 1922 | London and Sydney: Chappell; New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and George Grossmith; music by Jerome Kern |
The Beauty Prize | Winter Garden Theatre, London | 5 September 1923 | 1923 | London and Sydney: Chappell; New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and George Grossmith; music by Jerome Kern |
Sitting Pretty | Fulton Theatre, New York | 8 April 1924 | 1925 | New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; music by Jerome Kern |
Hearts and Diamonds | Strand Theatre | 1 June 1926 | 1926 | London: Prowse | By Wodehouse and Laurie Wylie; adaptation of The Orlov by Biuno Granichstaedten and Ernst Marischka |
The Play's the Thing | Henry Miller's Theatre, New York | 3 November 1926 | 1927 | New York: Brentano's | Adaptation of a play by Ferenc Molnár |
Oh, Kay! | Imperial Theatre, New York | 8 November 1926 | 1926 | London and Sydney: Chappell; New York: T.B. Harms | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; music by George Gershwin, lyrics by Ira Gershwin |
Her Cardboard Lover | Empire Theatre, New York | 21 March 1927 | – | – | By Wodehouse and Valerie Wyngate; music by George Gershwin, lyrics by Ira Gershwin; based on Dans sa candeur naïve by Jacques Deval |
Good Morning, Bill | Duke of York's Theatre, London | 28 November 1927 | 1928 | London: Methuen | Adapted from a play by Ladislaus Fodor |
The Three Musketeers | Lyric Theatre, New York | 13 March 1928 | 1937 | London: Chappell | By Wodehouse and Clifford Grey; adaptation of The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas |
A Damsel in Distress | New Theatre, London | 13 August 1928 | 1930 | London: Samuel French | By Wodehouse and Ian Hay; adaptation of Wodehouse's novel A Damsel in Distress |
Baa, Baa, Black Sheep | New Theatre, London | 22 April 1929 | 1930 | London: Samuel French | By Wodehouse and Ian Hay |
Candle-light | Empire Theatre, New York | 30 September 1929 | 1934 | London and New York: Samuel French | Adapted from a play by Siegfried Geyer |
Leave It to Psmith | Shaftesbury Theatre, London | 30 September 1930 | 1931 | London: Samuel French | By Wodehouse and Ian Hay; adaptation of Wodehouse's novel Leave It to Psmith |
Who's Who | Duke of York's Theatre, London | 20 September 1934 | – | – | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; adaptation of Wodehouse's novel If I Were You |
Anything Goes | Alvin Theatre | 21 November 1934 | 1936 | New York: Samuel French | By Wodehouse, Guy Bolton, Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse; lyrics and music by Cole Porter |
The Inside Stand | Saville Theatre, London | 21 November 1935 | – | – | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; adaptation of Wodehouse's novel Hot Water |
Arthur | – | – | – | – | Adapted in 1947 from Jemand by Ferenc Molnár; not produced |
Game of Hearts | – | – | – | – | Adapted in 1947 from a play by Ferenc Molnár; not produced |
Don't Listen, Ladies | St James's Theatre, London | 2 September 1948 | – | – | By Wodehouse (as Stephen Powys) and Guy Bolton; adapted from a play by Sacha Guitry |
Nothing Serious | – | 1950 | – | – | No major productions, but produced in the provinces by touring companies |
Phipps | – | – | – | – | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton in 1951; not produced |
Come On, Jeeves | – | – | 1956 | London: Evans | By Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; no major productions, but produced in the provinces by touring companies[21] |
Oh, Clarence! | Opera House, Manchester; later Lyric Theatre, London and on tour | 29 July 1968 | 1969 | London: English Theatre Guild | Adapted by John Chapman from Blandings Castle stories[22] |
Films
editTitle[17][23][24] | Year of release | Studio | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
A Gentleman of Leisure | 1915 | Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Co. | Based on the play A Gentleman of Leisure by John Stapleton and Wodehouse |
A Damsel in Distress | 1919 | Albert Capellani Productions | Based on Wodehouse's 1919 novel A Damsel in Distress |
Piccadilly Jim | 1919 | Selznick Pictures | Based on Wodehouse's 1917 novel Piccadilly Jim |
The Prince and Betty | 1919 | Jesse D. Hampton Productions | Based on Wodehouse's 1912 novel The Prince and Betty |
Oh, Lady, Lady | 1920 | Realart Pictures | Based on the play Oh, Lady! Lady!! by Guy Bolton, Jerome Kern and Wodehouse |
A Gentleman of Leisure | 1923 | Paramount Pictures | Based on the play A Gentleman of Leisure by John Stapleton and Wodehouse |
The Golden Butterfly | 1926 | Sascha-Film / Phoebus Film | German-Danish-Austrian film. Based on the short story "The Making of Mac's" from The Man with Two Left Feet |
Oh, Kay! | 1928 | First National Pictures | Based on Wodehouse's 1926 play Oh, Kay! |
Those Three French Girls | 1930 | Cosmopolitan Productions | Dialogue by Wodehouse |
The Man in Possession | 1931 | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Additional dialogue by Wodehouse |
Brother Alfred | 1932 | British International Pictures | Based on the play Brother Alfred by Herbert Westbrook and Wodehouse |
Leave It to Me | 1933 | British International Pictures | Based on Wodehouse's 1923 novel Leave It to Psmith |
Summer Lightning | 1933 | British and Dominions Film Corporation | Based on Wodehouse's 1929 novel Summer Lightning |
Anything Goes | 1936 | Paramount Pictures | Based on the play Anything Goes by Guy Bolton, Cole Porter and Wodehouse |
Piccadilly Jim | 1936 | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Based on Wodehouse's 1917 novel Piccadilly Jim |
Thank You, Jeeves! | 1936 | 20th Century Fox | Based on Wodehouse's 1934 novel Thank You, Jeeves |
Step Lively, Jeeves | 1937 | 20th Century Fox | Based the characters created by Wodehouse |
A Damsel in Distress | 1937 | RKO Pictures | Screenwriter; Based on his 1919 novel A Damsel in Distress |
Rosalie | 1937 | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Based on the 1928 musical play Rosalie by George Gershwin, Sigmund Romberg, Ira Gershwin and Wodehouse |
Thunder and Lightning | 1938 | Svensk Filmindustri | Swedish film. Based on Wodehouse's 1929 novel Summer Lightning |
Anything Goes | 1956 | Paramount Pictures | Based on the play Anything Goes by Guy Bolton, Cole Porter and Wodehouse |
The Girl on the Boat | 1961 | Knightsbridge Films | Based on Wodehouse's 1921 novel The Girl on the Boat |
Piccadilly Jim | 2004 | Myriad Pictures | Based on Wodehouse's 1917 novel Piccadilly Jim |
Autobiographies and miscellany
editThe following is a collection of published autobiographical and miscellaneous work. There are transcripts available of the five broadcasts he made, available online, including through the PG Wodehouse Society (UK).[25]
UK title[7][8][9][10] | Year of UK publication |
UK publisher (All publishers based in London) |
US title | Year of US publication |
US publisher (All publishers based in New York) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Globe By the Way Book | 1908 | Globe Publishing | – | – | – | With Herbert Westbrook; collected journalism |
Louder and Funnier | 1932 | Faber and Faber | – | – | – | Articles written for Vanity Fair |
Bring on the Girls! | 1954 | Jenkins | Bring on the Girls! | 1953 | Simon & Schuster | Semi-autobiographical stories, in collaboration with Guy Bolton |
Performing Flea | 1953 | Jenkins | Author! Author! | 1962 | Simon & Schuster | A collection of letters, with notes |
Over Seventy | 1957 | Jenkins | America, I Like You | 1956 | Simon & Schuster | – |
The Parrot and Other Poems | 1990 | Hutchinson | – | – | – | Poems |
Yours, Plum: the letters of P. G. Wodehouse | 1988 | Hutchinson | – | – | – | Correspondence; edited by Frances Donaldson |
A Life in Letters | 2011 | Hutchinson | A Life in Letters | 2013 | W. W. Norton & Company | Correspondence; edited by Sophie Ratcliffe |
References and sources
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Sproat 2004.
- ^ Rogers 1996, p. 349.
- ^ White 2009, p. 282.
- ^ Stempel.
- ^ Voorhees 1985, p. 335.
- ^ "Obituary: P. G. Wodehouse". The Times. 17 February 1975. p. 14.
- ^ a b c McIlvaine, Sherby & Heineman 1990, pp. 11–108.
- ^ a b c Ring 2004, pp. 30–37.
- ^ a b Voorhees 1985, pp. 331–33.
- ^ a b c Phelps 1992, pp. 312–21.
- ^ Connolly 1987, pp. 138–55.
- ^ Ring 2001, p. 19.
- ^ Usborne 1976, p. 172.
- ^ Powell 1994, p. 300.
- ^ McIlvaine, Sherby & Heineman 1990, p. 143.
- ^ McIlvaine, Sherby & Heineman 1990, pp. 135–40.
- ^ a b "P(elham) G(renville) Wodehouse". Contemporary Authors. Gale. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ^ White 2009, pp. 277–78.
- ^ Jasen 1975, pp. 284–85.
- ^ Ring 2004, p. 35.
- ^ Jasen & Wodehouse 1983, p. xvi.
- ^ Boothroyd 1968, p. 376.
- ^ "Pelham Grenville Wodehouse". American Film Institute. Retrieved 18 May 2015.[dead link ]
- ^ "P. G. Wodehouse". American Film Institute. Retrieved 18 May 2015.[dead link ]
- ^ "Wartime controversy". PG Wodehouse Society (UK). Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
Sources
edit- Boothroyd, Basil (11 September 1968). "Theatre". Punch.
- Connolly, Joseph (1987) [1979]. P. G. Wodehouse. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-5002-6027-2.
- Jasen, David A. (1975). P. G. Wodehouse: A Portrait of a Master. London: Garnstone. ISBN 978-0-85511-190-8.
- Jasen, David A.; Wodehouse, P.G. (1983). Four Plays. London: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-4135-3030-1.
- McIlvaine, Eileen; Sherby, Louise S; Heineman, James H (1990). P. G. Wodehouse: A Comprehensive Bibliography and Checklist. New York: Heineman. ISBN 978-0-87008-125-5.
- Phelps, Barry (1992). P. G. Wodehouse: Man and Myth. London: Constable. ISBN 978-0-09-471620-9.
- Powell, Anthony (1994). Under Review: Further Writings on Writers, 1946-1990. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-67712-5.
- Ring, Tony (August 2001). "P. G. Wodehouse: Storyteller". The Book and Magazine Collector (209). Diamond Publishing Group.
- Ring, Tony (November 2004). "World of Wodehouse". The Book and Magazine Collector (248). Diamond Publishing Group.
- Rogers, John H. (1996). "P. G. Wodehouse". In Rogers, John H. (ed.). Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Short-Fiction Writers, 1915–1945. Detroit: Gale. ISBN 978-0-8103-9357-8.
- Sproat, Ian (2004). "Wodehouse, Sir Pelham Grenville (1881–1975)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31851. Retrieved 19 May 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Stempel, Larry. "Wodehouse, P.G.". Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- Usborne, Richard (1976). Wodehouse at Work to the End. London: Barrie and Jenkins. ISBN 978-0-214-20211-7.
- Voorhees, Richard J. (1985). "P. G. Wodehouse". In Stayley, Thomas F. (ed.). Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Novelists, 1890–1929: Traditionalists. Detroit: Gale. ISBN 978-0-8103-1712-3.
- White, Laura M. (2009). "P. G. Wodehouse". In St. Pierre, Paul Matthew (ed.). Dictionary of Literary Biography: Twentieth-Century British Humorists. Detroit: Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-8170-8.