Oxalobacter paeniformigenes is a Gram negative, non-spore-forming, oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that was first isolated from human fecal samples.[1] Similar to other species in the Oxalobacter genus, O. paeniformigenes uses oxalate as its primary carbon source.[1] O. paeniformigenes is negative for indole production and negative for sulfate and nitrate reduction.[2] Cells appear rod shaped, though occasionally present as curved, and do not possess flagella.[2]
| Oxalobacter paeniformigenes | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Betaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Burkholderiales |
| Family: | Oxalobacteraceae |
| Genus: | Oxalobacter |
| Species: | O. paeniformigenes
|
| Binomial name | |
| Oxalobacter paeniformigenes Chmiel et al, 2022
| |
| Type strain | |
| Oxalobacter paeniformigenes OxGP1T | |
The Type strain, OxGP1, was isolated from Guinea pig cecal contents.[3]
Taxonomy
editOxalobacter paeniformigenes was originally thought to be a subgroup of Oxalobacter formigenes.[1] Based on fatty acid profile and oxc (oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase) gene analysis, O. paeniformigenes strain OxGP1 was considered a group II strain.[4][5][6] However, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing placed strain OxGP1 into group I.[1][6]
Whole genome sequencing confirmed that O. paeniformigenes strain OxGP1 is a different species from O. formigenes and it was subsequently renamed.[2] The new species name paeniformigenes uses the parent species formigenes and adds the Latin prefix paeni meaning "almost",[7] owing to the observation that species is related to but distinct from the parent species, O. formigenes.[2]
Genome
editThe genome of O. paeniformigenes is approximately 1.9 Mb with a G+C content of approximately 53.8%.[2] O. paeniformigenes has a smaller genome with slightly higher G+C content compared to other Oxalobacter species.
Growth in culture
editO. paeniformigenes grows in CO2-bicarbonate buffered oxalate media and is typically cultivated in anaerobic Hungate tubes or an anaerobic chamber.[1] Oxalate is supplemented at 20 – 100 mM (depending on desired cell density) and bacteria are grown at 37 °C for 24 – 48 hours.[1][2] Anaerobic roll tubes, which are opaque agar filled Hungate tubes are used for bacterial isolation.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Daniel, Steven L.; Moradi, Luke; Paiste, Henry; Wood, Kyle D.; Assimos, Dean G.; Holmes, Ross P.; Nazzal, Lama; Hatch, Marguerite; Knight, John (2021-08-26). Julia Pettinari, M. (ed.). "Forty Years of Oxalobacter formigenes, a Gutsy Oxalate-Degrading Specialist". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 87 (18): e0054421. doi:10.1128/AEM.00544-21. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 8388816. PMID 34190610.
- ^ a b c d e f Chmiel, John A.; Carr, Charles; Stuivenberg, Gerrit A.; Venema, Robertson; Chanyi, Ryan M.; Al, Kait F.; Giguere, Daniel; Say, Henry; Akouris, Polycronis P.; Domínguez Romero, Sergio Ari; Kwong, Aaron; Tai, Vera; Koval, Susan F.; Razvi, Hassan; Bjazevic, Jennifer (2022-12-21). "New perspectives on an old grouping: The genomic and phenotypic variability of Oxalobacter formigenes and the implications for calcium oxalate stone prevention". Frontiers in Microbiology. 13: 1011102. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1011102. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9812493. PMID 36620050.
- ^ Argenzio, Robert A.; Liacos, James A.; Allison, Milton J. (June 1988). "Intestinal Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria Reduce Oxalate Absorption and Toxicity in Guinea Pigs". The Journal of Nutrition. 118 (6): 787–792. doi:10.1093/jn/118.6.787.
- ^ Allison MJ, Dawson KA, Mayberry WR, Foss JG (February 1985). "Oxalobacter formigenes gen. nov., sp. nov.: oxalate-degrading anaerobes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract". Archives of Microbiology. 141 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00446731. PMID 3994481. S2CID 10709172.
- ^ Jensen, N.S.; Allison, M.J. (1994). "Studies on the diversity among anaerobic oxalate-degrading bacteria now in the species Oxalobacter formigenes, abstr. I-12". Abstracts of the 94th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1994. Washington, D.C., USA: American Society for Microbiology. p. 255.
- ^ a b Garrity, George M.; Bell, Julia A.; Lilburn, Timothy (2005), Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.), "Class II. Betaproteobacteria class. nov.", Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 575–922, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-29298-4_2, ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6, retrieved 2022-11-10
- ^ Pallen, Mark J.; Telatin, Andrea; Oren, Aharon (April 2021). "The Next Million Names for Archaea and Bacteria". Trends in Microbiology. 29 (4): 289–298. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2020.10.009.