Otto Fönnekold (15 February 1920 – 31 August 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 136 aerial victories—that is, 136 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All but three of his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces in about 600 combat missions.
Otto Fönnekold | |
---|---|
Born | Hamburg | 15 February 1920
Died | 31 August 1944 Ssaß-Budak, Siebenbürgen | (aged 24)
Cause of death | Killed in action |
Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
Service | Luftwaffe |
Years of service | 1939–1944 |
Rank | Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) |
Unit | JG 52 |
Commands | 5./JG 52 |
Battles / wars | World War II |
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Born in Hamburg, Fönnekold was trained as a fighter pilot and posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52–52nd Fighter Wing) in late 1942. Fighting on the Eastern Front, he claimed his first aerial victory on 7 September 1942 during Case Blue, the German strategic 1942 summer offensive in southern Russia. On 12 January 1944, Fönnekold was credited with his 100th aerial victory and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944. In April 1944, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 52. He was killed in action on 31 August 1944 by a strafing US North American P-51 Mustang at the airfield in Ssaß-Budak.
Career
editFönnekold was born on 15 February 1920 in Hamburg of the Weimar Republic. Following flight training,[Note 1] he was posted to the 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in the fall of 1942.[2] At the time, this squadron was officially commanded by Oberleutnant Siegfried Simsch who was on home leave recovering from wounds sustained on 29 May.[3] 5. Staffel was a squadron of II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 52 commanded by Hauptmann Johannes Steinhoff.[4]
War against the Soviet Union
editWorld War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Germany had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. A year later, German forces launched Operation Fridericus II, the attack on Kupiansk, a preliminary operation to Case Blue, the strategic 1942 summer offensive in southern Russia.[5] In August 1942, II. Gruppe was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps and supported the 6th Army offensive to capture Stalingrad.[6] On 6 September, II. Gruppe reached an airfield named Gonschtakowka located north-northeast of Mozdok on the Terek in the Caucasus.[7]
Fönnekold claimed his first aerial victory on 7 September when he shot down a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter.[8] The Gruppe then moved to Maykop located in the North Caucasus on 21 September where, with the exception of 24 to 29 October, they were based until 26 November.[9] Operating from Maykop, Fönnekold claimed his second aerial victory, an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down on 6 October.[10] There, he claimed three further aerial victories over LaGG-3 fighters, one each on 29 October, 15 and 19 November.[11] On 19 November, Soviet forces launched Operation Uranus which led to the encirclement of Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad. To support the German forces fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad forced the Luftwaffe to relocate its forces and ordered II. Gruppe to move from Maykop to Morozovsk, located approximately 200 kilometers (120 miles) west of Stalingrad, on 26 November.[12] There, Fönnekold claimed another LaGG-3 fighter shot down on 11 December before the Gruppe moved to Zimovniki the following day.[13]
On 17 December, II. Gruppe relocated again, this time to Kotelnikovo where they stayed until 26 December. Operating from Kotelnikovo, Fönnekold claimed a Lavochkin La-5 fighter shot down on 22 December and another on 25 December.[13] On 22 January 1943, II. Gruppe had to retreat further and moved to an airfield at Rostov-on-Don where Fönnekold shot down a LaGG-3 fighter on 30 January. On 7 February 1943, the Gruppe moved to Kuteinikowo near Stalino, present-day Donetsk, where Fönnekold claimed two Yakovlev Yak-1 the following day.[14]
Kuban bridgehead and Crimea
editThe Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead on 10 February 1943 where it was initially based at an airfield at Slavyansk-na-Kubani. Due to whether conditions, II. Gruppe then moved to Kerch on 16 February.[15] While based at Slavyansk-na-Kubani, Fönnekold claimed two Polikarpov I-16 fighters shot down on 14 February and a Polikarpov I-153 biplane fighter on 27 February.[16] On 13 March, the Gruppe moved to Anapa located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov and was fighting in the Battle of the Caucasus.[17]
On 8 May, Leutnant Helmut Haberda, who had led 5. Staffel since Simsch was injured in November 1942, was killed in action. In consequence Oberleutnant Wilhelm Batz was appointed Staffelkapitän (Squadron Leader) of the Staffel on 9 May.[18] That day, Fönnekold claimed a LaGG-3 fighter shot down.[19] By 31 May, he claimed ten further aerial victories, increasing his total to 28 aerial victories.[20] In June, Fönnekold added seven more claims, reaching 35 aerial victories.[21] While in July the bulk of the Luftwaffe fighter force was being concentrated further north and fought in the Battle of Kursk, II. Gruppe with some exceptions remained at Anapa. Here, Fönnekold claimed further aerial victories, reaching 39 claims by end of July and 49 claims by end of August.[22] Fönnekold was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 9 August and the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 16 August 1943.[23]
On 1 September, II. Gruppe was made complete again, reuniting with all three Staffeln at a makeshift airfield named Karlowka located approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) east of Poltava.[24] There, Fönnekold claimed four aerial victories total. On 6, 7 and 8 September he claimed an Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down, and on 10 September he was credited with the destruction of a Yak-1 fighter, taking his total to 53 claims.[25] On 1 October, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Nove Zaporizhzhya located approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) west of Zaporizhzhia. The Gruppe relocated to an airfield named Beresowka near the Inhulets, located approximately halfway between Kremenchuk and Kirovohrad. They remained at Beresowka until 25 October when the Gruppe moved to Fedorivka, a small village 17 kilometers (11 miles) north-northwest of Melitopol. Two days later, the Gruppe was ordered to Askania-Nova.[26] By the end of October 1943, Fönnekold's number of aerial victories claimed had increased to 65, making him the second most successful and still living fighter pilot in II. Gruppe at the time.[27] The Gruppe had moved to Kherson on 30 October and then transferred to Baherove on the Crimean peninsula where they were based until 19 March 1944.[28]
Based at Baherove, Fönnekold increased his number of aerial victories to 80 by end November and to 92 aerial victory claims by the end of 1943.[29] On 12 January 1944, Fönnekold claimed three aerial victories, including his 100th aerial victory in total.[30][Note 2] He was the 62nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[32] Fönnekold was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 26 March 1944.[33][34] On 8 April, Soviet forces launched the Crimean offensive, forcing the Germans to evacuate the Crimea. By this date, Fönnekold had accumulated 116 aerial victories.[35]
Squadron leader and death
editOn 14 April 1944, II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Chersonesus at Sevastopol where they were based until 9 May.[36] On 19 April, Fönnekold was appointed Staffelkapitän of 5. Staffel of JG 52 when its former commander, Batz, was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of III. Gruppe of JG 52.[37][18] The Gruppe was transferred to Huși at the Prut River on 27 May 1944.[38] There, on 30 May, Fönnekold became an "ace-in-a-day" when claimed seven Bell P-39 Airacobra fighters and a single Yak-1 fighter shot down near Tudora and Iași.[39] Included in this figure are three claims over P-39 fighters from 129 GvIAP (Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment—Gvardeyskiy Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk).[40] On 9 July, aerial combat with two Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters resulted in a forced landing of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 163564—factory number) near Iași.[41]
On 29 August, III. Gruppe relocated to an airfield at Budak, present-day Budacu de Sus and part of Dumitrița.[42] Fönnekold claimed three United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) North American P-51 Mustang fighters shot down near Luieriu (Lövér) on 31 August.[43] Later that day, he was bounced during his landing approach at Ssaß-Budak by P-51 fighters. One of the .50 caliber projectiles penetrated his heart while taxiing his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 441931) "black 9".[44][45] He was succeeded by Heinrich Sturm as commander of 5. Staffel.[46] Fönnekold was buried on the cemetery at Ssaß-Budak.[42] Posthumously, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant).[47]
Summary of career
editAerial victory claims
editAccording to US historian David T. Zabecki, Fönnekold was credited with 136 aerial victories.[48] Spick also lists Fönnekold with 136 aerial victories claimed in approximately 600 combat missions.[49] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 134 confirmed and three unconfirmed aerial victories. All these victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.[50]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 54512". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[51]
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Fönnekold an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Fönnekold did not receive credit.
This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Barbas, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
| |||||||||
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[52] Eastern Front — September 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
1 | 7 September 1942 | 09:27 | LaGG-3 | PQ 54512[53] | 6 | 11 December 1942 | 12:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49381[54] 25 km (16 mi) south of Basargino |
2 | 6 October 1942 | 12:35 | Il-2 | PQ 96733[55] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Tuapse |
7 | 22 December 1942 | 11:32 | La-5 | PQ 49712[56] 65 km (40 mi) south-southeast of Stalingrad |
3 | 29 October 1942 | 15:40 | LaGG-3 | PQ 95873[57] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Lazarevskoye |
8 | 25 December 1942 | 11:22 | La-5 | PQ 49773[56] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Aksal |
4 | 15 November 1942 | 08:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 94194[58] | 9 | 30 January 1943 | 14:52 | LaGG-3 | PQ 06391[56] |
5 | 19 November 1942 | 12:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 94634[58] | |||||
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[59] Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
10 | 8 February 1943 | 09:35 | Yak-1 | PQ 44 Ost 09333[60] | 52 | 8 September 1943 | 05:27 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 60521[61] 20 km (12 mi) west of Andreyevka |
11 | 8 February 1943 | 09:50 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 99664[60] 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Rovenki |
53 | 10 September 1943 | 12:33 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 50283[61] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Merefa |
12 | 14 February 1943 | 11:00 | I-16 | PQ 34 Ost 7526[60] | 54 | 12 October 1943 | 07:40 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 49173[62] 55 km (34 mi) east-northeast of Mironovka |
13 | 14 February 1943 | 11:03 | I-16 | PQ 34 Ost 75232[60] north of Krymsk |
55 | 15 October 1943 | 05:50 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 10123[62] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi |
14 | 27 February 1943 | 06:02 | I-153 | PQ 34 Ost 85344[63] vicinity of Aberbijewka |
56 | 15 October 1943 | 05:58 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 10121[62] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi |
15 | 6 May 1943 | 05:38 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 75293, 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Neberdschajewskaja[64] northeast of Novorossiysk |
57 | 19 October 1943 | 11:07 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 39424[62] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Mironovka |
16 | 6 May 1943 | 11:30 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 85153[64] vicinity of Abinsk |
58 | 20 October 1943 | 10:10 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 39181, north of Petrowka[62] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Alexandrija |
17 | 6 May 1943 | 12:05 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 76894[64] vicinity of Kijewakoje |
59 | 20 October 1943 | 12:55 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 39332, north of Krasnaja-Fedorowka[65] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Mironovka |
18 | 9 May 1943 | 16:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 86754[66] east of Trojzkaja |
60 | 20 October 1943 | 12:57 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 39412[65] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Mironovka |
19 | 15 May 1943 | 18:40 | Yak-1 | southwest of Kabardinka[66] | 61 | 20 October 1943 | 12:58 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 39284[65] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Mironovka |
20 | 19 May 1943 | 07:20?[Note 4] | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85313[66] southeast of Schapssugskaja |
62 | 21 October 1943 | 06:50 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 39631[65] 20 km (12 mi) east of Pjatichatki |
21 | 21 May 1943 | 04:23 | R-5 | PQ 34 Ost 96771[66] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Krasnodar |
63 | 21 October 1943 | 14:45 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 39674[65] vicinity of Piatykhatky |
22 | 21 May 1943 | 15:42 | U-2 | PQ 34 Ost 96784[66] 20 km (12 mi) east of Krasnodar |
64 | 25 October 1943 | 12:28 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 57151[65] 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Melitopol |
23 | 21 May 1943 | 15:46 | U-2 | PQ 34 Ost 96774[66] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Krasnodar |
65 | 28 October 1943 | 14:38 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 47154[65] 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Ivanovka |
24 | 28 May 1943 | 10:38 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 76893, southeast of Kijewskoje[66] south of Bakanskij |
66 | 2 November 1943 | 14:40 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66734, 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Eltigen[65] |
25 | 29 May 1943 | 04:37 | LaGG-3 | north of Krymskaja[67] north of Krymsk |
67 | 3 November 1943 | 11:20 | R-5 | PQ 34 Ost 66644[65] east of Bakssy |
26 | 29 May 1943 | 18:30 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 76894[67] vicinity of Kijewakoje |
68 | 4 November 1943 | 12:37 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66644[65] east of Bakssy |
27 | 30 May 1943 | 15:36 | B-25 | PQ 34 Ost 76861[67] north of Kessjetowa |
69 | 5 November 1943 | 10:24 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66842[68] southwest of Tamanj |
28 | 31 May 1943 | 05:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 86772[67] south of Trojzkaja |
70 | 5 November 1943 | 10:37 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[68] vicinity of Tobetschik |
29 | 1 June 1943 | 08:48 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 76861[67] Sea of Azov |
71 | 6 November 1943 | 09:03 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66671, east of Kerch[68] east of Kerch |
30 | 6 June 1943 | 05:03 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 75231, northwest of Krymskaja[67] northwest of Krymsk |
72 | 6 November 1943 | 06:06 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66644[68] east of Bakssy |
31 | 7 June 1943 | 15:21?[Note 5] | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 76822[67] west of Kalabatka |
73 | 12 November 1943 | 10:27?[Note 6] | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66641, northwest of Bakssy[68] east of Bulganak |
32 | 7 June 1943 | 15:25?[Note 7] | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 76812[67] vicinity of Kalabatka |
74 | 14 November 1943 | 14:03 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66643, Kolonka[68] east of Bakssy |
33 | 10 June 1943 | 14:42 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 75473[70] Black Sea, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Novorossiysk |
75 | 21 November 1943 | 13:00 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66562, south of Bulganag[68] vicinity of Babtschik |
34 | 15 June 1943 | 17:07 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 85373, south of Gelendzhik[70] vicinity of Gelendzhik |
76 | 27 November 1943 | 08:39 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[71] vicinity of Tobetschik |
35 | 25 June 1943 | 04:37?[Note 8] | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 85371[70] vicinity of Gelendzhik |
77 | 27 November 1943 | 08:56 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66641, northwest of Bakssz[71] east of Bulganak |
36 | 21 July 1943 | 04:32 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 88261[70] vicinity of Jalisawehino |
78 | 28 November 1943 | 08:42 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66594[71] vicinity of Kamysch-Burun |
37 | 23 July 1943 | 17:40?[Note 9] | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 88424[72] 20 km (12 mi) south of Jalisawehino |
79 | 28 November 1943 | 08:50 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[71] vicinity of Tobetschik |
38 | 25 July 1943 | 07:44 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 98173[72] 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Rovenki |
80 | 28 November 1943 | 11:40 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 66813, west of Taman[71] over sea, vicinity of Cape Tusla |
39 | 31 July 1943 | 06:14 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 88232[72] 30 km (19 mi) west-southwest of Rovenki |
81 | 1 December 1943 | 07:22 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[71] vicinity of Tobetschik |
40 | 2 August 1943 | 18:10 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 88621, northeast of Marinowka[72] vicinity of Jalisawehino |
82 | 1 December 1943 | 13:45 | Pe-2 | north of Eltigen[71] |
41 | 7 August 1943 | 07:38 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 75233, Kijewskoje[73] west of Krymsk |
83 | 2 December 1943 | 14:20 | LaGG-3 | east of Eltigen[71] |
42 | 7 August 1943 | 07:45 | Spitfire | PQ 34 Ost 76892, northeast of Kijewskoje[73] vicinity of Kijewskoje |
84 | 2 December 1943 | 14:26 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | southeast of Eltigen[71] |
43 | 7 August 1943 | 17:25 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 75261, Krymskaja[73] north of Nowo-Bakanskaja |
85 | 4 December 1943 | 07:08 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | east of Eltigen[71] |
44 | 9 August 1943 | 08:17 | Spitfire | PQ 34 Ost 75234, 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Moldawanskoje[73] vicinity of Krymsk |
86 | 4 December 1943 | 07:17 | LaGG-3 | south-southwest of Eltigen[71] |
45 | 9 August 1943 | 08:22 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 75292, 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Nebershajewskaja[73] northeast of Noworossijsi |
87 | 4 December 1943 | 11:02 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | southeast of Eltigen[71] |
46 | 9 August 1943 | 08:25 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 34 Ost 75261, 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Moldawanskoje[73] north of Nowo-Bakanskaja |
88 | 4 December 1943 | 11:12 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | southwest of Eltigen[74] |
47 | 26 August 1943 | 15:42 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 76863, northwest of Kijewskoje[75] north of Kessjetowa |
89 | 5 December 1943 | 13:20 | P-39 | southwest of Eltigen[74] |
48 | 26 August 1943 | 15:47 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85114, north of Abinskaja[75] vicinity of Mertschanskaja |
90 | 8 December 1943 | 13:53 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | south of Kolonka[74] |
49 | 31 August 1943 | 12:14 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 88671[75] 25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Taganrog |
91 | 8 December 1943 | 13:59 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 66671, east of Kerch[74] |
50 | 6 September 1943 | 10:02 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 60174[61] vicinity west of Merefa |
92 | 11 December 1943 | 09:11 | Yak-1 | east of Eltigen[74] north of Taman |
51 | 7 September 1943 | 09:19 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] | PQ 35 Ost 60522[61] 20 km (12 mi) west of Andreyevka |
|||||
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[76] Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 August 1944 | |||||||||
93 | 4 January 1944 | 06:43 | Il-2 | Cape Khroni[30] | 116 | 23 March 1944 | 07:03 | unknown | Cape Khroni[77] |
94 | 9 January 1944 | 12:01 | P-39 | Adzhimushkay[30] | 117♠ | 30 May 1944 | 10:35 | P-39 | vicinity of Iași[39] vicinity of Sulani |
95 | 9 January 1944 | 14:40 | LaGG-3 | PQ 66614[30] vicinity of Majak-Bakny |
118♠ | 30 May 1944 | 11:05 | P-39 | PQ 78642[39] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Tudora |
96 | 10 January 1944 | 09:45 | Il-2 | vicinity of Bulganak[30] | 119♠ | 30 May 1944 | 13:50 | P-39 | vicinity of Iași[39] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Iași |
97 | 10 January 1944 | 11:50 | Yak-1 | vicinity of Grammatikowo[30] | 120♠ | 30 May 1944 | 14:08 | P-39 | vicinity of Huși[39] 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Iași |
98 | 11 January 1944 | 13:32 | LaGG-3 | Adzhimushkay[30] | 121♠ | 30 May 1944 | 14:12 | P-39 | vicinity of Iași[39] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Iași |
99 | 12 January 1944 | 06:50 | Boston | PQ 66611[30] vicinity of Cape Khroni |
122♠ | 30 May 1944 | 14:41 | P-39 | PQ 78671[39] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Iași |
100 | 12 January 1944 | 13:46 | P-39 | Cape Tarchan[30] | 123?[Note 10] | 30 May 1944 | 17:51 | Yak-1 | vicinity of Huși[39] |
101 | 12 January 1944 | 14:06 | Il-2 | PQ 66614[30] vicinity of Majak-Bakny |
124♠ | 30 May 1944 | 17:52 | P-39 | PQ 78644[39] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Tudora |
102 | 13 January 1944 | 07:26 | Yak-1 | Adzhimushkay[30] | 125 | 31 May 1944 | 04:12 | Yak-1 | PQ 78674[39] 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Iași |
103 | 17 January 1944 | 10:40 | P-39 | Cape Tarchan[30] | 126 | 31 May 1944 | 12:45 | P-39 | PQ 78673[39] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Iași |
104 | 19 January 1944 | 12:10 | Il-2 | PQ 66642[30] Majak |
127 | 2 June 1944 | 09:03 | Boston | PQ 78634[79] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Iași |
105 | 23 January 1944 | 06:47 | Il-2 | PQ 66652[30] Malikut |
128 | 2 June 1944 | 13:50 | Il-2 | PQ 78732[79] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Iași |
106 | 25 January 1944 | 12:37 | Boston | PQ 66673[80] Kossa Tulsa |
129 | 27 June 1944 | 04:48?[Note 11] | Yak-7 | PQ 7924[79] |
107 | 28 January 1944 | 12:07 | Yak-1 | north of Kerch[80] | 130 | 4 August 1944 | 11:20 | Il-2 | PQ 11595[79] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Mielec |
108 | 28 January 1944 | 15:01 | Il-2 | vicinity of Kerch[80] | 131 | 5 August 1944 | 11:05 | P-39 | PQ 11644[79] vicinity of Mielec |
109 | 5 February 1944 | 06:26 | P-39 | vicinity of Kerch[80] | 132 | 21 August 1944 | 18:40 | La-5 | 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Leipzig |
110 | 7 February 1944 | 06:56 | P-39 | vicinity of Bulganak[80] | 133 | 22 August 1944 | 07:16 | La-5?[Note 12] | PQ 97524[77] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Leipzig |
111 | 7 February 1944 | 13:28?[Note 13] | Yak-1 | PQ 66673[80] vicinity of Kossa Tulsa |
134 | 22 August 1944 | 13:25 | Yak-7 | PQ 87662[77] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Szekszárd |
112 | 10 February 1944 | 08:00 | Yak-9 | PQ 66514[80] west of Dsheilaw |
135 | 23 August 1944 | 17:26 | Yak-7 | PQ 87828[77] 20 km (12 mi) near Leipzig |
113 | 14 March 1944 | 12:55 | Pe-2 | PQ 47793[77] 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Genitschek |
—
|
31 August 1944 | —
|
P-51 | vicinity of Luieriu (Lövér)[43] |
114 | 22 March 1944 | 10:55 | Yak-7 | Cape Tarchan[77] | —
|
31 August 1944 | —
|
P-51 | vicinity of Luieriu (Lövér)[43] |
115 | 22 March 1944 | 11:00 | Yak-7 | Adzhimushkay[77] | —
|
31 August 1944 | —
|
P-51 | vicinity of Luieriu (Lövér)[43] |
Awards
edit- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class[81]
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 9 August 1943 as Feldwebel and pilot[82]
- German Cross in Gold on 16 August 1943 as Feldwebel in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52[83][Note 14]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944 as Leutnant and pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 52[84][85]
Notes
edit- ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[1]
- ^ According to Page, Fönnekold claimed his 100th aerial victory on 18 January 1944.[31]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:26.[52]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:23.[52]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:17.[69]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:27.[52]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 04:17.[52]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:40.[52]
- ^ This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[78]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 04:08.[78]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-9.[78]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:25.[78]
- ^ According to Obermaier on 6 September 1943.[2]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
- ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 111.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, pp. 475, 502.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 475.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 452.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 458.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 108.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, pp. 462, 490.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 108–110.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 335.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 336–337.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 110–111.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, pp. 112, 338.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 114, 340.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 124.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 341.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 375.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 286.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 346.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 128, 346–347.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 129.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 130–131.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 288.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 132.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 133, 351–352.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 134.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 135.
- ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 135, 152.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 153.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barbas 2005, p. 358.
- ^ Page 2020, p. 89.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
- ^ Schreier 1990, p. 178.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 319.
- ^ Bergström 2008, p. 46.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 158.
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 75.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 163.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Barbas 2005, p. 366.
- ^ Bergström 2008, p. 55.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 321.
- ^ a b Barbas 2005, p. 170.
- ^ a b c d Barbas 2005, p. 368.
- ^ Barbas 2005, p. 322.
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 80.
- ^ Weal 2004, p. 112.
- ^ Dixon 2023, p. 80.
- ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 230.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 319–322.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ a b c d e f Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 320.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 490.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 497.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 491.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 498.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 492.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 494.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 320–321.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 378.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 389.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 390.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 379.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 382.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2012, p. 391.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 383.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 384.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 392.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 321.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 385.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2012, p. 393.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 386.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 387.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 394.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 388.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 321–322.
- ^ a b c d e f g Barbas 2005, p. 361.
- ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 322.
- ^ a b c d e Barbas 2005, p. 367.
- ^ a b c d e f g Barbas 2005, p. 359.
- ^ Dixon 2023, pp. 79–80.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 78.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 118.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 183, 490.
- ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 313.
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