The Oryol Prison has been a prison in Oryol since the 19th century. It was a notable place of incarceration for political prisoners and war prisoners of the Second World War.
 Oryol Prison | |
 | |
| Location | 10 Krasnoarmeyskaya str. Oryol |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 52°58′45″N 36°03′55″E / 52.979294°N 36.065324°E |
| Opened | 1840 |
| Managed by | Russia |
The building of prison, built in 1840, is one of the oldest buildings in the city of Oryol.
In 1941, the Oryol isolation prison contained some five thousand political prisoners. On 11 September 1941, just weeks before the occupation by German troops, by personal order of Joseph Stalin, 157 political prisoners incarcerated here were executed just outside Oryol, in the Medvedev Forest massacre. During the occupation by the Nazi Germany (since October 1941 to June 1943) here was established a concentration camp.
After the Second World War, the Soviet authorities used it as a concentration camp for prisoners of war, among them being Dietrich von Saucken. Prisoners of war (from Germany, Hungary, Romania) were exterminated by starvation, shooting, exposure, and poisoning.[citation needed] A former prisoner, Latkovska-Wojtuskiewicz, described the scene at Easter in 1951 as "a veritable hell: the room was full of people, half-naked women languished and we, the new arrivals, wallowed on filthy straw, from which rose a stinking dust which choked one's breath. We were so hoarse we could neither breathe nor speak."[1]
At present, in the buildings of the former prison there is an investigatory isolation ward No. 1 (Russian: СИЗО-57/1) of the Penitentiary Service under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and a prison hospital for tuberculosis patients.
Notable inmates
edit- Aleksander Prystor, politician
- Felix Dzerzhinsky, revolutionary and politician
- Olga Kameneva, revolutionary and politician
- Michael Kitzelmann, lieutenant
- Grigory Kotovsky, military
- Jan Kwapiński, activist and politician
- Anatoly Nagiyev, serial killer, mass murderer and rapist
- Christian Rakovsky, revolutionary, politician, diplomat and statesman
- Maria Spiridonova, revolutionary
- Dietrich von Saucken, Nazi general
- Varvara Yakovleva, politician
- Aron Baron, revolutionary
- Valery Skoptsov, criminal and serial killer
References
editDennis Christensen 2017–present
https://www.jw-russia.org/en/infographic/506.html
- ^ Helena Latkovska Wojtuskiewicz, I Lived Through Hell on Earth: Sixteen Years in Siberia (Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press, 1998), p. 123.
Bibliography
edit
- Гернет М. Н., История царской тюрьмы, 3 изд., т. 15, М., 1960-63 г.
- Дворянов В. Н., В сибирской дальней стороне (Очерки истории царской каторги и ссылки, 60-е годы XVIII в. — 1917 г.), Минск, 1971 г.
- Максимов С. В., Сибирь и каторга, 2 изд., ч. 1-3, СПБ, 1891 г.