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Emmanuel Oreste Zamor (1861– July 27, 1915) was a Haitian general and politician who served as the president of Haiti in 1914. He was executed the following year after being ousted in a coup.
Oreste Zamor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 22nd President of Haiti | |
| In office February 8, 1914 – October 25, 1914 | |
| Preceded by | Michel Oreste |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Davilmar Théodore |
| Minister of War and Navy | |
| In office August 4, 1911 – August 16, 1911 | |
| President | Cincinnatus Leconte |
| Preceded by | Horelle Monplaisir |
| Succeeded by | Horacius Limage Philippe |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Emmanuel Oreste Zamor 1861 Hinche, Haiti |
| Died | July 27, 1915 Port-au-Prince, Haiti |
| Spouse(s) | 1) Marie Elisabeth Protège Paul 2) Victoire Péralte 3) Uranie Coicou |
| Occupation | Military |
Biography
editDuring the Haitian civil war of 1912, Oreste Zamor and his brother Charles, both generals, supported Caimito Ramírez and harbored his troops within their districts. In 1914, the two brothers entered the war, resulting in a "short and extremely chaotic" presidency for Oreste from February 8 to October 29 of that year.[1] He was opposed in his bid for the presidency by General Davilmar Théodore, who refused to recognize his authority, and by U.S. businessmen who had financial interests in Haiti.[2]
The U.S. government sought American control of customs in Haiti and of the Môle-Saint-Nicolas from the Zamor government, which first demanded U.S. recognition of its legitimacy. The French and German governments opposed U.S. demands, and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan submitted a modified proposal (the Farnham Plan, involving oversight of customs and Haitian finance and credit) to Charles Zamor. The Zamors declined to accept the plan unless the U.S. created the appearance that they were under military pressure to do so.[3] The plan was never implemented, and civil strife in Haiti was renewed in the summer of 1914.[4] After four months of fighting, Oreste Zamor was ousted from the presidency and succeeded by Theodore.[5] After his overthrow, Zamor went into exile on Curaçao.[6] In March 1915, Oreste Zamor returned from exile by landing in the Dominican Republic, crossing the border and heading to Hinche, his residence - his entry was received with emotion. However, Zamor was arrested by the regime of President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam and taken to Port-au-Prince. Sam regime justified the arrest of the former president due to his entry without a passport and before the amnesty decree.[7] He was executed the next year by the government of Vilbrun Guillaume Sam.[citation needed] His brother in law was Charlemagne Péralte.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jan Lundius and Mats Lundahl, Peasants and Religion: A Socioeconomic Study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Movement in the Dominican Republic (Routledge, 2000), p. 105, with an additional source on Zamor's presidency in note 320.
- ^ Edward S. Kaplan, U.S. Imperialism in Latin America: Bryan's Challenges and Contributions, 1900–1920 (Greenwood Press, 1998), pp. 58–59.
- ^ Kaplan, U.S. Imperialism in Latin America, p. 59.
- ^ Kaplan, U.S. Imperialism in Latin America, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Kaplan, U.S. Imperialism in Latin America, p. 61.
- ^ Wien Weibert Arthus (2021). Haiti et le monde. Deux siècles de relations internationales. Wien Weibert Arthus. ISBN 978-99970-950-1-5.
- ^ "PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS DECEMBER 7, 1915". history.state.gov.
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