This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2012) |
No. 199 Squadron was a Royal Air Force aircraft squadron that operated as a training unit in WWI, as a bomber and radio countermeasures unit during the Second World War, and later in the 1950s again as a radio countermeasures squadron.
| No. 199 Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1917-1919 1942-1945 1951-1958 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Motto(s) | "Let tyrants tremble"[1] |
History
editNo. 199 Squadron was formed at Rochford on 1 June 1917 with Royal Aircraft Factory BE.2e biplanes to teach pilots advanced bomber training. Renumbered as No. 99 (Depot Training) Squadron RFC the squadron moved to RFCS Harpswell, Lincolnshire in 1918, as a night bomber training unit, where it was disbanded on 13 June 1919.
The squadron reformed at RAF Blyton on 7 November 1942 equipped with the Vickers Wellington, after a few months the squadron moved to RAF Lakenheath and was re-equipped with the Short Stirling heavy-bomber. Between February 1943 and June 1943 the squadron was based at RAF Ingham in Lincolnshire training for maritime mine laying over The Wash. Following training the squadron returned to RAF Lakenheath for marine operations over the English Channel and North Sea.
In July 1943 the squadron commenced mine laying duties using the Stirling and from February 1944 performed supply drops for the Special Operations Executive.
In May 1944 the squadron was moved from 3 Group to No. 100 (Radio Countermeasures) Group and from RAF Lakenheath to RAF North Creake. It was equipped with new Short Stirling IIIs fitted with Mandrel and Shiver[citation needed] radar jamming equipment and the Gee navigation aid to perform radar jamming operations during the landings in Normandy. While Mandrel had already been used with Bomber Command's 'Main Force' on heavy bomber raids over Germany and by 515 Squadron, 199 Squadron were to create a solid screen of jamming for the main force. This entailed pairs of aircraft flying circuits about 10 miles long perpendicular to the enemy coast; the two aircraft covering the full spectrum of the enemy radar between them.[2] In 1945 the Stirlings were exchanged for the Handley Page Halifax until the squadron was disbanded on 29 July 1945 at RAF North Creake.[3] Over the months, the squadron refined their technique and with two other squadrons could form a screen from Sussex north east and out over the North Sea about level with the Humber. C Flight was split off from 199 to form 171 Squadron, eventually receiving Halifax bombers with Mandrel.
In 1951 the squadron was formed again at RAF Watton as part of No. 90 Signals Group to operate in the electronic countermeasures role with the Avro Lincoln and de Havilland Mosquito.[4] The Mosquitos were replaced by the English Electric Canberra and the squadron operated with other pathfinder Canberra squadrons at RAF Hemswell. The Lincolns were replaced by the Vickers Valiant in 1957. The squadron was disbanded on 15 December 1958 with the Valiants of C Flight becoming 18 Squadron at RAF Finningley.[5]
Aircraft operated
edit| Dates | Aircraft | Variant |
|---|---|---|
| 1917–1919 | Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 | BE.2e |
| 1942–1943 | Vickers Wellington | III and X |
| 1943–1945 | Short Stirling | III, and a few converted IV[6] |
| 1945 | Handley Page Halifax | III |
| 1951–1957 | Avro Lincoln | B2 |
| 1952–1953 | de Havilland Mosquito | NF36 |
| 1954–1958 | English Electric Canberra | B2 |
| 1957–1958 | Vickers Valiant | B1 |
References
edit- ^ Pine, L.G. (1983). A dictionary of mottoes (1 ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 129. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
- ^ Martin, Streetly (1984). The Aircraft of 100 Group : A historical guide for the modeller. p. 9-10.
- ^ Bowyer 1984, p. 138.
- ^ Wing Commander ‘Jeff’ Jefford (2003). "EW In The Early Post-War Years – Lincolns To Valiants" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Air Force Historical Society: 58–68. ISSN 1361-4231. Journal 28.
- ^ RAF Historical Society, 28, pp. 67–68.
- ^ Streetly , p13
Sources
edit
- Bowyer, Michael J F (1984). Action Stations 1; Military Airfields of East Anglia. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 0-85059-335-2.
- Jefford, C.G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). Orbis Publishing.