The Nineteen Articles[3] (simplified Chinese: 十九信条; traditional Chinese: 十九信條), officially the Nineteen Major Articles of Good Faith on the Constitution[4] (simplified Chinese: 宪法重大信条十九条; traditional Chinese: 憲法重大信條十九條), also known as the Doctrine of Nineteen Articles[5] and 19 Fundamental Articles,[6] was a constitutional document,[7] and the only constitution of the late Qing dynasty,[8] which was promulgated by the Qing government on 3 November 1911.[9]
| SC | 十九信条 |
|---|---|
| TC | 十九信條 |
| Promulgated on | 3 November 1911[1] |
| Type | Constitutional document[2] |
| Country | Qing China |
The purpose of Nineteen Articles was to establish a British-style system of ministerial responsibility, and reconstitute the Qing government as a constitutional monarchy.[10] These articles restrained the power of the emperor and expanded the power of the congress. However, after only 3 months (February 1912) the monarchy was abolished following the end of the Xinhai Revolution.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jianfu Chen (14 July 1999). Chinese Law: Towards an Understanding of Chinese Law, Its Nature and Developments. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 59–. ISBN 90-411-1186-7.
- ^ "The establishment of National Constitution Day to promote the rule of law and civilization". Economic Information Daily. 2014-12-03. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020.
- ^ Michael J. Walsh (25 February 2020). Stating the Sacred: Religion, China, and the Formation of the Nation-State. Columbia University Press. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-0-231-55039-0.
- ^ Mao Tse-tung; Zedong Mao; Laifong Leung (1986). The Writings of Mao Zedong, 1949-1976: September 1945 - December 1955. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 460–. ISBN 978-0-87332-391-8.
- ^ Qianfan Zhang (1 August 2012). The Constitution of China: A Contextual Analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-84731-991-3.
- ^ Jana S. Rošker; Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik (26 September 2014). Modernisation of Chinese Culture: Continuity and Change. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-1-4438-6772-6.
- ^ Han Zhai (16 December 2019). The Constitutional Identity of Contemporary China: The Unitary System and Its Internal Logic. Brill Publishers. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-90-04-38814-7.
- ^ Jiang Bikun (1988). A Brief History of China's Modern Constitutionalism. Law Press. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-7-5036-0340-2.
- ^ Sebastian Riebold (May 2020). Revisiting the Sick Man of Asia": Discourses of Weakness in Late 19th and Early 20th Century China. Campus Verlag. pp. 315–. ISBN 978-3-593-50902-0.
- ^ Jason Buhi (29 March 2021). Global Constitutional Narratives of Autonomous Regions: The Constitutional History of Macau. Routledge. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-1-00-036947-2.
- ^ Xiaobing Li; Qiang Fang (2013). Modern Chinese Legal Reform: New Perspectives. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 5–. ISBN 0-8131-4120-6.