Nina Alexandrovna Tikhonova (23 February 1910 – 4 January 1995) was a Russian-French ballet dancer and dance teacher, who danced with the Ballets Russes and Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo companies. After retiring from her ballet career, she established her own ballet school in Paris. She was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
Nina Tikhonova | |
|---|---|
 Sketch of Nina Tikhonova by Serge Choubine | |
| Born | Nina Alexandrovna Tikhonova 23 February 1910 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | 4 January 1995 (aged 84) Paris, France |
Early life
editNina Alexandrovna Tikhonova was born on 23 February 1910 in Saint Petersburg to Varvara Vassilievna Zubkova and writer and publisher Alexander "Serebov" Tikhonov and a friend of writer Maxim Gorky. This was her mother's second marriage as she had been previously married to Anatole Tchaikevitch. Tikhonova's parents' marriage ended after Varvara became Gorky's mistress. The family was separated during the Russian Revolution, and Varvara's children from both marriages lived with their grandmother in Yekaterinburg, before later returning to Saint Petersburg. At the age of 11, Tikhonova and her elder stepbrother Andre Tchaikevitch fled Soviet Russia, taking refuge first in Berlin, then Paris.[1][2]
Career
editTikhonova was trained in Paris by Russian dancers Olga Preobrajenska and Nikolai Legat.[1] She made her debut at the age of fifteen with the Theatre Romantique Russe, which was founded in Berlin by Boris Romanov. In 1928, she joined Ida Rubinstein's avant-garde troupe of which Bronislava Nijinska was the principal choreographer.[3] Tikhonova later said "Nijinska was a deity for me. Her talent was like no other. I was at Ida Rubinstein's house when she was choreographing there, I followed her when she founded her troupe. I danced in the Biches, and she created Variations for me, to the music of Beethoven".[2]
In July 1931, Tikhonova, with the Ida Rubinstein Company at Covent Garden, performed as Alcine in a rendition of Léonide Massine's ballet set to Georges Auric's music. The season was positively received, with a correspondent from Le Figaro hailing it a "truimph" and wished for a reprisal.[1]
George Balanchine invited her to join his first company Les Ballets 1933, but she opted to join Nijinska's Ballets Russes instead, where she became a soloist.[3] Tikhonova and the Ballets Russes toured extensively throughout South America and Italy. Whilst in Italy, she reunited with Gorky, and together they visited Naples, Pompeii and Capri. She failed to deliver a letter to him from her mother, an action she later regretted.[1]
Between 1942 and 1944, Tikhonova also danced with the Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo and thereby avoided some of the brutality of the Nazi occupation of France.[1][3]
After World War II, Tikhonova taught dance for free in orphanages for children whose parents had been killed during the war.[3] After her retirement, Tikhonova created her own ballet school in Paris on Conservatoire Russe on the Quai de New York. She continued to teach there throughout the 1960s.[1] Among her students were Béatrice Massin and Christine Bayle.[4]
Later life and death
editIn 1971, Tikhonova returned to Russia for the first time in 50 years. She visited Leningrad for the first time since she was a child. She reminisced of her childhood during this visit, writing in her memoir "Some remarkable figure illumined my childhood, and followed my fate. It gave me everything that was good in my life, teaching me early to discern what was bad." She was inspired to work on a book of memoirs after watching a class by Natalia Dudinskaya at the Vaganova Choreographic Academy.[1] The memoir, The Girl in Blue was published in 1991 in France and Russia.[3]
Tikhonova received the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.[5]
Tikhonova died on 4 January 1995 at her apartment in Paris, at the age of 84.[3] She never married and lived all her life with her stepbrother Andre.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Gregory, John (10 February 1995). "Obituary:Nina Tikhonova". The Independent.
- ^ a b "NINA TIKANOVA RACONTE LE KIROV DES ANNEES HEROIQUES Nijinska la divine et le bortsCh de Mister B." Le Monde (in French). 22 February 1990.
- ^ a b c d e f "Nina Tikanova, 84, Dancer and Teacher". The New York Times. 9 January 1995. (registration required)
- ^ Villodre, Nicolas (29 August 2011). "Action, Christine !". Danzine. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012.
- ^ Vaksberg, Arkadi (December 2006). The Murder of Maxim Gorky A Secret Execution. Enigma Books. p. 400. ISBN 9781936274925.