Nikolay Yevgenyevich Burenin (Russian: Николай Евгеньевич Буренин, also known with aliases "German Fedorovich", "German", "Neburenin" and "Viktor Petrovich"; December 17, 1874 – June 30, 1962) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, concert pianist and music collector who worked as an organizer and specialist for Bolshevik illegal operations. He was a member of the Union of Soviet Writers.
Nikolay Burenin | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nikolay Yevgenyevich Burenin December 17, 1874 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | June 30, 1962 (aged 87) Leningrad, Soviet Union |
| Political party | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Occupation | Revolutionary, writer, pianist |
| Signature |  |
Life
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Burenin was born in Saint Petersburg into a wealthy merchant family. He graduated from the Petrovskoye School of Commerce in 1892 and studied later at the Imperial Academy of Arts.[1] He worked as concert pianist[2] and joined the Russian revolutionary movement in 1901. Burenin was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party since 1904.[3]
The Burenin family owned a mansion in Kirjasalo near the border between Russia and its autonomous part Grand Duchy of Finland.[2] It was used for smuggling weapons and illegal literature across the border and for organizing border crossings for delegates of the 4th and 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.[1] Transports arrived at the Roshchino railway station where they were picked by Burenin and his associates.[2] He was also organizing underground printing presses and warehouses for propaganda literature, arranged safe houses and raised funds for the revolutionary action.[1] Burenin was involved with the 1905 attempt to smuggle arms for the Finnish resistance with steamboat John Grafton and the 1906 robbery of Russian State Bank branch in Helsinki.[4]
After the bank robbery Burenin traveled to the United States as Maxim Gorky's personal secretary on his fund-raising trip. In November 1906 Gorky, Maria Andreyeva and Burenin arrived in Italy. He spent three months on the island of Capri as Gorky stayed there for seven years. Burenin was arrested in 1907 and kept in Kresty Prison for one year but still continued his activities in the Bolshevik movement. After the October Revolution he worked in the People's Commissariat for Education and later in the theater department of the Department of Public Education in Saint Petersburg. In the 1920s Burenin served as a trade representative in Finland (1920–1925) and in Germany (1925–1929). In the early 1930s Burenin was working on the archives relating to the history of the Russian revolution. He retired in 1935.[5] Burenin's memoirs were published posthumously in 1967.[6]
Memory
editIn the Krasnogvardeysky District of Saint Petersburg is a street named after Burenin. His musical collection is archived in the National Library of Russia.[7] It is suggested that the character "Behemoth" in Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita was inspired by Burenin.[8]
Works
edit- Три месяца на острове Капри (Three months on the Island of Capri, 1939)
- Люди большевистского подполья (People of the Bolshevik Underground, 1958)
- Памятные годы (Memoirs, 1967)
Honors
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References
edit- ^ a b c Burenin, Nikolai Evgen’evich The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
- ^ a b c Rappaport, Helen: "Conspirator: Lenin in Exile" p. 55. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
- ^ Русское присутствие в Италии в первой половине ХХ века. Энциклопедия (in Russian). Litres. May 15, 2022. p. 134. ISBN 978-5-04-346686-0.
- ^ "Venäjän vallankumoukselliset käyttivät Tshokkea ryöstöoperaatioon" Archived December 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine History of Tampere (in Finnish). Retrieved December 8, 2013.
- ^ "Russi in Italia: dizionario - Russi in Italia". www.russinitalia.it. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ СССР: энциклопедический справочник (in Russian). Sov. ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡. 1979. p. 195.
- ^ "Коллекции и собрания в фондах Отдела нотных изданий и звукозаписей Российской национальной библиотеки". January 30, 2020. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
- ^ Alfred Barkov: "Mikhail Bulgakov: The Master and Margarita, Alternative reading" (in Russian). Retrieved December 8, 2013.