Nikolaus Burggraf und Graf zu Dohna-Schlodien (5 April 1879 – 21 August 1956) was a German naval officer and author.
Nikolaus zu Dohna-Schlodien | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 5 April 1879 Mallmitz, Province of Silesia, Imperial Germany |
| Died | 21 August 1956 (aged 77) Baierbach, West Germany |
| Allegiance |  Imperial Germany |
| Service |  Imperial German Navy |
| Years of service | 1896-1919 |
| Rank | Fregattenkapitän |
| Commands | SMS Tsingtau SMS Mowe |
| Battles / wars | Boxer Rebellion |
| Awards | Pour le Mérite Military Order of Max Joseph Military Order of St. Henry Military Merit Order (Württemberg) Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order |
Biography
editNikolaus zu Dohna-Schlodien was born in Mallmitz (today Małomice, Poland) to Alfred zu Dohna-Schlodien (1849–1907) and Margarethe née von der Hagen (1845–1932).[1]
Dohna-Schlodien joined the German Imperial Navy in 1896, became a Second Lieutenant in 1899 and First Lieutenant in 1902.[1] Immediately after the Boxer Rebellion he served on SMS Tiger in East Asia in 1901/02 and became the Commander of the Kanonenboot Tsingtau in 1910–12. In 1913 he became the Navigation officer of Posen and was promoted to a Korvettenkapitän.[2]
World War I
editIn 1915, after the outbreak of World War I, the banana freighter Pungo of the F. Laeisz line was reconstructed as a minelayer and armed merchantman, renamed SMS Mowe, and placed under Dohna's command.[3] Through his success as commander of the Möwe, Dohna and his crew became popular war heroes like the crews of Wolf (commanded by Karl August Nerger) and Seeadler (commanded by Felix von Luckner). A motion picture was made in 1917 about Dohna's exploits,[4] and he was appointed naval adjutant to the German emperor, Wilhelm II.
Later life
editAfter World War I Dohna-Schlodien commanded a Freikorps in the Silesian Uprisings and retired from the Navy in 1919. He worked as a merchant in Hamburg and moved to Baierbach in the 1930s, where he died in 1956.
He married Hilde von Laffert, the widow of one of his good friends and colleagues, Captain Hans von Laffert, commander of Leopard in the action of 16 March 1917. Hilde had one daughter, Marion von Laffert, and Nikolaus and Hilde had two additional daughters together, Hildegarde and Margaret.
Dohna-Schlodien was well remembered and respected by British naval officers. He always made sure to rescue every last survivor of any ships that he had sunk. When the Allies had invaded the Bavarian area, the Dohna-Schlodien family were treated with respect. Special instructions had been given by Allied generals to not interfere with the family and to allow them to remain in their home unfettered during the invasion.[citation needed]
Decorations and awards
editNikolaus Graf Dohna-Schlodien was one of only two German officers of the First World War who received the highest military awards of the five main German states (the other German officer was Karl August Nerger):
- Pour le Mérite (Prussia)
- Military Order of Max Joseph (Bavaria)
- Military Order of St. Henry (Saxony)
- Military Merit Order (Württemberg)
- Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order (Baden)
- Iron Cross of 1914, 1st and 2nd class
Publications
edit- S. M. S. Möwe. Perthes, Gotha 1916
- Der Möwe zweite Fahrt. Perthes, Gotha 1917
- Der Möwe Fahrten und Abenteuer. Erzählt von ihrem Kommandanten. Perthes, Stuttgart 1927 (Republication of 1916 und 1917)
References
edit- ^ a b Biography (in German)
- ^ Biography at munzinger.de (in German)
- ^ smsmoewe.com
- ^ Ulrike Oppelt: Film und Propaganda im Ersten Weltkrieg (in German)
External links
editNotes
editRegarding personal names: Graf was a title before 1919, but now is regarded as part of the surname. It is translated as Count. Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class, titles preceded the full name when given (Graf Helmuth James von Moltke). Since 1919, these titles, along with any nobiliary prefix (von, zu, etc.), can be used, but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname, and thus come after any given names (Helmuth James Graf von Moltke). Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting. The feminine form is Gräfin.